for a table." In 1859 it became a daily, but suspended in 1861 on the death of its owner.
The same year that The Kansas Weekly Herald was started, a second paper, The Pioneer, was begun at Kickapoo. The next year saw three established at Lawrence. The first of these, started on January 5, 1855, by John Spear, was The Kansas Tribune. In November it suspended for a few weeks and later removed to Topeka. On January 6, 1855, just one day after The Tribune was founded, The Herald of Freedom appeared at Lawrence under the direction of George W. Brown. One number of the paper, dated October 21, 1854, had been printed at Wakarusa, Pennsylvania. After publishing this issue, Brown moved to Lawrence, where, with the help of a few settlers, he set up a log printing-office. The third paper to be established at Lawrence in 1855 was The Kansas Free State. Both The Free State and The Herald of Freedom figured conspicuously in the exciting times of '55 and '56.
In striking contrast to these papers published at Lawrence was The Squatter Sovereign, started on February 3, 1855, at Atchison by John H. Stringfellow and Robert S. Kelly. In a way the paper was the successor of The Democratic Platform, which Kelly had published at Liberty, Missouri, in the interest of slavery. The Squatter Sovereign was practically the organ of the Border Ruffians and fought most bitterly the Free State papers then in existence in "bleeding Kansas." After the exciting years of '55 and '56, The Squatter Sovereign passed into the hands of other owners who gave it another name and reversed its editorial policies. One of the earliest, if not the first, daily paper published west of the Missouri River was The Daily Kansas Freeman begun at Shawnee on October 24, 1855. The times were evidently too exciting and the threats of the Border Ruffians to destroy the paper were too frequent to warrant a continuance of the sheet, for it suspended on November 7.
DAWN OF NEW MEXICO JOURNALISM
In strict accuracy the first newspaper printed in New Mexico was El Crepusculo (The Dawn) and was first published by Antonio Jose* Martinez in Taos, November 29, 1835. But four
