INDEX. * 455 i. 96, ii. 71; distinctive features of coast, i. 385. Phoenicians, origin of the, i. n, 12-14; origin of the word, i. n. j language resembles the Hebrew, i. 12-14; early history of, i. 13 ; towns belong- ing to, i. 16; summary of country and people, i. 15-22 ; political and social lile in, i. 26, 27 ; merchants, i. 28 ; value of Egyptian protection to, i. 29, 96 ; voyages in the Medi- terranean, i. 29, 30; colonize Malta, i. 3o. ; galleys, i. 33, 34; commerce, i. 37, 407 ; lose monopoly of commerce, i. 38 ; lose Egyptian protection, i. 38 : pay tribute to Nineveh, i. 39, 96 ; accept Persian rule, i. 40 ; dependence upon Car- thage, i. 44; supremacy re-established in the Mediterranean, i. 44, 45; religion, i. 56, 57, 62, 63, 66-72; religion related to the Chaldean and the Egyptian, i. 73, 77, 329, 330; religion influenced by trade, i. 177 ; writing, i. 83-93 > writing borrowed from Egypt, i. 84 : alphabet, i. 85, 86, 89, 92; coinage, i. 91; diffi- culties in studying art, i. 93 ; reasons for ascribing scattered works of art to, i. 100 ; art influenced by Greece, i. 101 ; early tribes settled in grottoes, i. 103 ; methods of building, i. 106; monuments, i. 113 ; architecture, i. no, 114, 116, 150-153 ; columns, i. 109, 116, 117; ruins, i. 114; columns in Cyprus, i. 118-121; early arches, i. 115, 153; metal columns, i. 121 ; ornamental symbols, i. 122-124; Egyptian and Meso- potamian influence on, architecture, i. 124, 125, 141 ; decoration, i. 126- 139; doorway, i. 129, 130; com- bination of disk and crescent, i. 130 ; use of the sphinx, i. 131-133 ; use of palmette in decoration, i. 135, 290, ' ii. 207, 2ii ; decoration re- sembles Assyrian, i. 135-138; belief about death,i. 143, 145; treatment of the dead, i. 144, 178, 203, 249; tombs, i. 150, 154 ; tombs differ from Greek and Roman, i. 162, 233 ; tombs differ from Egyptian, i. 163 ; tombs date of Persian domination, i. 163, 164; general character of tombs, i. 178, 179, 249 ; sarcophagi, i. 190, 191, &c. ; sculpture, i. 197, ii. 51 ; ideas limited by trailing, i. 205 ; tomb pottery in Cyprus, i. 218; tombs in Sardinia, i. 239, 248; oratory in Greece, i. 289 ; jewellery, i. 294, 295, ii. 376-395 ; familiarity with early Egyptian and Chaldean art, L 297 ; costume on stele, i. 319 (see Costume) ; temples influenced Grecian art, i. 330 ; absence of portraiture amongst the Phoenicians, ii. 37 ; inscription at Turin, ii. 59 ; artists' difficulties, ii. 70 ; methods of working figures, ii. 148; manufacture of seals, ii. 230 ; want of originality in work, ii. 368, 369 ; pioneers of civilization, ii. 430. Pigmies, i. 64, 78; Herodotus on, ii. 17, 18, 20; origin of the word, ii. 2211. Pindarus, i. 332. Plants on stele from Carthage, ii. 62, 63^. Plautus, on Astarte, i. 7o. Plinth, i. 154, 158, ii. 160. Pliny, on Carthaginian fortifications, i- 37 x > 37 2 > glass in Phoenicia, ii. invention of glass, ii. 336 ; decorated ostrich eggs, ii. 404/1. Polybius, first conventions between Carthage and Rome, i. 50 ; walls of Carthage, i. 353, 354. Portico in house at Larnaca, i. 380, 381. Pottery, early export of, ii. 264 ; from Cyprus, ii. 267 ; from Tharros, ii. 268 ; better class of, ii. 269. Prseneste, metal bowls, &c., from, ii. 343-346; cup from, ii. 370*. ; ivory plaque from, ii. 402. Praxiteles, ii. 157, 225. Priests, statuettes of, ii. 108, 187-190. Pschent, on stele at Amrit, ii. 12 ; on Cyprian statuettes, ii. 123. Pseudo-Assyrian statuettes, ii. 71-73; Egyptian, ii. 74. Pseiuio-Lucian, i. 259, 260. Psyche, on coffins, i. 182. Ptah, image of, i. 206 ; in Sardinian tombs, i. 246; temples of, ii. 17; embryonic type of, ii. 18, 20, 75 ; Dr. Parrot on origin of, ii. i7//., i8//. Ptolemy, in Tharros, i. 24 in. Punic temples, destruction of, i. 324; wars, i. 370. Purple dye, invention of, ii. 424 ; shells used for, ii. 424, 425. Pyx held by statuettes ii. 191.
