( 37 ) CHAPTER II. PHRYGIAN ART. SlPYLUS AND ITS MONUMENTS. THE Sipylus forms a short range of mountains on the north of the Gulf of Smyrna, about ten leagues from east to west, by three or four broad. It naturally divides itself into three parts : the lamanlar-Dagh, to the west, is but 976 m. high ; the Manissa-Dagh, to the east, reaches 1500 m. ; whilst the Sabanja-Dagh holds a middle course, and serves as intermediary between the other two l (Fig. 7). Each section has characteristic features of its own, engendered by difference of geological formation. Thus the western district, from the river Bournabat to Menemen, is a trachytic rock, with beautiful patches of red, black, and blue ; but the eastern, which is far the most imposing, belongs to the secondary system, or the period intervening between eruptive and sedimentary formations. It rises high and formidable on the north and east sides, forming almost perpendicular walls, inter- sected by grottoes and gigantic faults, which seem to run right through the hill, with cones and hillocks towards the south of great beauty of form and colour, yellow, red, and brown. The 1 Our description of the Sipylus and its monuments is derived from the following sources, to which we refer the reader who should wish to obtain ampler information : TXIER, Description deFAsie Mineure, torn. ii. pp. 249-259; PlatesCXXIX. CXXXI. bis; HAMILTON, Researches in Asia Minor, torn. i. ch. iv. ; A. CHERBULIEZ, La ville de Smyrne et son orateur Aristide, 410, 1863 et 1865 (Extrait des Me moires de flnstitut national genevois) ; CURTIUS, Beitrdge zur Geschichte und TopOgraphUn Kleinasiens (Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy, 1872, notably chapter headed " Alt Smyrna," with Plates IV. and VI.); WEBER, Le Sipylos et ses monuments, 8vo, 1880 (Paris, Ducher) ; KARL HEUMANN, Ein Ausflug in den Sipylos (WESTERMANN, Illust. Deut- schen Monatsheften, Juli, 1885, Brunswick), 8vo ; W. M. RAMSAY, Ncu>ly discovered Sites near Smyrna (Journal of Hellenic Studies, torn. i. pp. 63-74) ; Studies in Asia Minor, 2, Sipylos and Cybele (Journ., torn. iii.).
