TWO LIAO KINGS. 245 JToongking,* with all east of it, would belong to Kin. The treaty powers were to make a combined attack on the Liao from both sides, the Eiix through Qoobeikow, the Sung through Baigow. This treaty was formed against the earnest advice of the Corean king, who urged the Sung emperor to retain the Liao between bim and the Kin. In that treaty both the Sung emperor and Agooda are called " Whangdi*!* emperor. In December of next year the Central Capital of Liao was in the hands of Kin, with some important deserters — ^flying rats. The Liao king had therefore to retreat on Yunchow^ as his capital, taking with him 15,000 men. He had to slay his own son, who was preparing to assume the government ; and he had to learn that he was no sooner gone west than his uncle assumed the imperial name in Peking. The Kin pressed on after this king Yensi, who again fled to Jiashan, and Tatung was besieged. The attack was furious and the defence desperate ; now this side gaining a slight advantage, now that, but both suffering heavily. At last the obstinate defenders heard of the new king in Peking, and, seeing their cause deserted by their own kinsmen, they lost heart, opened the city gates, and joined the ranks of the Kin. The new Peking king did what he could. He sent an army against the Sung coming through Baigow, and defeated them. At
- The locality of Jooogkiiig, or the " Central Capital," may have been under the
jurisdiction of Yoongping foo, but it could not be at or near the present dty. Hist of Liaotung places it, with more probabiUty, west of Yichow, in the south-east comer of Inner Mongoliap This treaty would therefore make Kin the masters of Uaotung and Liaosi. fit is authoritatively and dogmatically asserted by more than one eminent Sinologue, that there can be only one Whangdi ; but i^tever may be argued from the two words whang and di, the term is in history only a title, and ia sereral times bestowed on two independent powers by each other. Thus in the text, and on various other occasions, Sung and Kin bestow the title on each other, and so did the Ifing and Mandius, before the latter owned a foot of soil in the Big^teen Provinoss. E^ymologically, it is sjmonymous with ' ' Son of Heaven,** but practically it is so only when the Chinese emperor, the only "Son of Heaven,** is unquestionaUy supreme over all rivals. ^Kihien, 140 U south-west of TUyuen.
