END OF FIRST WAR. 279 beauty of the situation of the capital, and its noble palaces and halls, refused to be a party to the treaty. The other Beiras, therefore, ordered the division of Amin to camp on Pingshan, concluded their treaty separately, and then made it known to Amin, who, replying that he was not satisfied with the provisions, led out his army and laid waste the country. He afterwards concluded a treaty of his own with the prince of Yuenchang at Pingyang. Taidsoong sent a courier to order Amin never again to destroy the produce of autumn, and also to order him to garrison Yichow with three thousand men. This garrison was left to make sure that the provisions of the treaty would be carried out ; and the rest of the army was recalled from Corea. In May, Li Jiao, the prince of Yuenchang, accompanied the army to court ; and in the following autumn the Corean king pleaded the recall of the garrison in Yichow, promising to redeem all the prisoners. The amount of tribute to be paid yearly was fixed, and an agreement was made to hold a market for exchange of products on the west of the Joong kiang, or " Middle river," as the Yaloo is now called.* This same year Choonghwan put to death, on Shwang (Double) island, Mao Wunloong, who had gradually risen to power by frequent and successful raids against the Manchus along the south, and east, and north-east coasts of Liaotung. One authority states that this was because Choonghwan suspected Mao of treachery ; another, that it was for private reasons of his
- A wide and deep ditch was cut throngli a loess hillock on the west side of
Fonghwang shan, across the narrow gully, westwards. A village was founded by the trade which grew there ; and if the city of Funghwang chung was not originated by Corean traffic, it increased laigely by the roads thus opened. This original ditch IB about three miles directly south of Funghwang chung, and is known as the " Old Border-Gate." The present border-gate, commonly called the " Corean Gate," is a long straggling street running east and west, under the shadow of the south peaks of Funghwang shan, and at right angles to the once wide ditch east of it. Here Chinese and Corean merchants exchange their mutual products thrice, and some- times four times a year, — the Corean exchanges his excellent ox-hide, paper, silks, ginshing, gold and lead, for the best English cotton, Chinese cotton, sugar, &c. The yearly merchandise amounts to seyeral hundred thousand pounds on each side.
