LOONGCHUKG. 65 particular;, the policy of every weak, tottering goyemmeixt in China from the first to the present The first capital of Moyoong was Chingshan on the Tooho river, where was the ancient kingdom of Goqjoo of the Chow dynasty, and the kingdom of Shangwoo and Feidsw of the Spring and Autumn Annals. Chingshan was 190 li east of Kunchung, south-east of which, 170 li, was Jichung, the second capital. After the first successful raid into Jao Wang's land (see p. 76), Whang built a new city, which he called Loongchung,* to the
- There is, at first, some difficulty in detennining the site of IHngchow and
Liwchmig, on whose position depends the site of the capital of the Moyoong Family. The natives of Yoongping f oo in Chihli point out the street named after, and which was anciently the property of, the two famous brothers of Goojoo kingdom. The kingdom they also locate in the same place ; and, according to the Tuig history, Groojoo was, during the Shang dynasty, where Yingchow was afterwards built; and the After Wei built Tingchow on the grounds of Holoong- «diung. The literates of Yoongping point out a Langahan, 40 li north-west of their city, on which Loongchung was built. The historians of the Sung dynasty also located Loongchung within the bounds of Pingchow, an ancient name for Yoongping. Yingchow was first of all called Liaosi Kun by the THn dynasty, before the Christian era. The first WH dynasty had a Yingchow over the six Kun of Changli, Jiendua, Lolang, Yiyang, Yingkiw. Swi dsrnasty again called it Liaosi Kun. Tang renominated it Yingchow, and placed Liwchung Kun under it. This Liwchung was 'originated by San, but had fallen in abeyance. The After Wei placed under Yingchow, the Kun of Jiendua, Liaotung, and Lolang, the hien of SBangping, Sinchang, and Liwchung. In tiie beginning of the Swi dynasty. Liaosi Kun was established where had been the ancient city of Yoolo, and it was over the hien of Liaosi, Looho, and Hwaiyuen, where the Swi garnered grain for their expedition against GraolL In the beginning of the Tang dynasty, but after the conquest of GraoU, there were only the cities of Jiendua and Loongchung, Liwchung was soon after re-established and taken by the Kitan during the reign of the Tang Empress Woo. They, however, soon lost it again. In A.D. 786, the Tang dynasty established Junan Kun on the site of the ancient Yenkun city ; Yenkun was 80 li north-east of Yingchow. Under Yingchow were placed WoolU, Hiang- ping, Yoolo, and Hwaiyuen. Wooltl was at the eastern foot of the Yiwoolu mountains, which are near Kwangning ; and Hiangping was east of the Liao river. All these names, as far as they are known, belong to Liaosi and Liaotung; and Lolang was in Korea. Changli is an exception, for it is somewhat to the west of Shanhaigwan ; but the following figures, also firom Tang history, are conclusive. To the north-west, 100 li from Yingchow, was Soongjing, which was on the eastern border of the people called Si, who were then in what is now south-eastern Mongolia. They would thus be north, and not west, of Yoongping. Again, Yingchow was 400 li south from the Whangthwi, on which the Kitan then lived. This ii the Siramuren as it flows eastwards towards Kaiyuen. The road from E
