182 HISTORY OF GREECE all five Iribes, which appear to have existed throughout the his- torical times at Ephesus. 1 It appears too that a certain number of fugitive proprietors from Samos found admission among the Ephesians and received the freedom of the city ; and the part of the city in which they resided acquired the name of Samorna, or Smyrna, by which name it was still known in the time of the satirical poet Hipponax, about 530 B. c. 2 Such are the stories which we find respecting the infancy of the Ionic Ephesus. The fact of its increase and of its considerable acquisitions of territory, at the expense of the neighboring Lydi- ans, 3 is at least indisputable. It does not appear to have been ever very powerful or enterprising at sea, and few maritime colo- liies owed their origin to its citizens ; but its situation near the mouth and the fertile plain of the Kaister was favorable both to the multiplication of its inland dependencies and to its trade with the interior. A despot named Pythagoras is said to have sub- verted by stratagem the previous government of the town, at some period before Cyrus, and to have exercised power for a certain time with great cruelty. 4 It is worthy of remark, that we find no trace of the existence of the four Ionic tribes at Ephesus ; and this, when coupled with the fact that neither Ephesus nor Kolo- phon solemnized the peculiar Ionic festival of the Apaturia, is one among other indications that the Ephesian population had little 1 The account of Ephorus ap. Steph. Byz. v. Eevva, attests at least the existence of the five tribes at Ephesus, whether his account of their origin and primitive history be well founded or not. See also Strabo, xiv, p. 633 ; Steph. Byz. v, "Evuvvftia. Karene or Karine is in .ZEolis, near Pitana and Gryncium (Herod, vii, 42 ; Steph. Byz. Kapfjvi)). 2 Stcphan. Byz. v, Iic'i/nopva ; Heysch. Zaftovia ; Athenams, vi, p. 267 Hipponax, Fragm. 32, Schneid. ; Strabo, xiv, p. 633. Some, however, sa.id that the vicus of Ephesus, called Smyrna, derived its name from an Amazon. 3 Strabo, xiv, p. 620. 4 Bato ap. Suidas, v, Hv&ayopae. In this article of Suidas, however, it ia stated that " the Ephesian Pythagoras put down, by means of a crafty plot, the government of those who wci'e called the Basilidce." Now Aristotle talks (Polit. v, 5,4) of the oligarchy of the Basilidsc at Erythrse. It is hardly likely that there should have been an oligarchy called by that same name both at Erythrae and Ephesus ; there is here some confusion between Erythraj and Ephesun which we are unable to clear up. Bato of Sinop* wroto a book t pl r&v tv 'E^<r^ rvpui VMV (Athenaeus, vii, p. 289).
