192 HISTORY OF GREECE Sipylus (according to what has been observed in the preceding passage), has given rise to the supposition that the anterior in habitants were Pelasgians, who, having once occupied the fertile banks of the Hermus, as well as those of the Kaister near Eph- esus, employed their industry in the work of embankment. 1 Kyme was the earliest as well as the most powerful of the twelve JEolic towns, Neon-Teichos having been originally established by the Kymreans as a fortress for the purpose of capturing the Pelasgic Larissa. Botli Kyme and Larissa were designated by the epithet of Phrikonis : by some this was traced to the moun- tain Phrikium in Lokris, from whence it was alleged that tho JEolic emigrants had started to cross the JEgean ; by others it seems to have been connected with an eponymous hero Phrikon. 9 It was probably from Kyme and its sister cities on the Eloeitic gulf that Hellenic inhabitants penetrated into the smaller towns in the inland plain of the Kai'kus, Pergamus, Halisarua, Gam- breion, etc. 3 In the more southerly plain of the Hermus, on the northern declivity of Mount Sipylus, was situated the city of Magnesia, called Magnesia ad Sipylum, in order to distinguish it from Magnesia on the river Maeander. Both these towns called Magnesia were inland, the one bordering upon the Ionic Greeks, the other upon the JEolic, but seemingly not included in any amphiktyony either with the one or the other. Each is referred to a separate and early emigration either from the Magnetes in Thessaly or from Krete. Like many other of the early towns, Magnesia ad Sipylum appears to have been originally established higher up on the mountain, in a situation nearer to Smyrna, from which it was separated by the Sipylene range, and to have been subsequently brought down nearer to the plain on the north side as well as to the river Hermus. The original site, Palaj-Magnesia, 4 was still occupied as a dependent township, even 1 Strabo, xiii, p. 621. 2 Strabo, xiii, 621 ; Pseudo-Herodot. c. 14. Aait 4>pkuvof, compared with c. 38. QP'IKUV appears, in later times, as an JEtolian proper name ; $p'tKOf as a Lokrian. Sec Anccdota Delphica, by E Curtius, Inscript. 40, p. 75 (Berlin 1843).
- Xenoph. Hellen. iii, 1, 6; Anabas. vii, 8, 24.
4 There is a valuable inscription in Boeckh's collection, JTo. 3137, con
