There is one remarkable difference between the Roman and the Grecian gens, arising from the different practice in regard to naming. A Roman patrician bore habitually three names, the gentile name, with one name following it to denote his family, and another preceding it peculiar to himself in that family. But in Athens, at least after the revolution of Kleisthenes, the gentile name was not employed: a man was described by his own single name, followed first by the name of his-father, and next by that of the deme to which he belonged, as Æschines, son of Atrom-
names of domes, bearing the patronymic form, are found in Harpokration and Stephanus Byz. alone. .-
We do not know that the (
Greek characters) ever constituted a (Greek characters), but the name
of the deme (Greek characters) is evidently given, upon the same principle, to a place
chiefly occupied by potters. The gens (Greek characters) are said to have been called
(Greek characters) ((Greek characters)) and (Greek characters) as well as Kotpuvi6ai : the names of gentes
and those of demes seem not always distinguishable. 1
The Butadae, though a highly venerable gens, also ranked as a deme (see
the Psephism about Lykurgus in Plutarch, Vit. x. Orator, p. 852): yet we
do not know that there was any locality called Butadae. Perhaps some of
the names above noticed may be simply names of gentes, enrolled as demes,
but without meaning to imply any community of abode among the mem-
bers.
The members of the Roman gens occupied adjoining residences, on some
occasions, to what extent we do not know ( Heiberg, De Familiari Patri
ciorum Nexu, ch. 24, 25. Sleswic, 1829).
We find the same patronymic names of demes and villages elsewhere : in
Kos and Rhodes (Ross, Inscr. Gr. ined., Nos. 15-26. Halle, 1846) ; Ltstadce
in Naxos (Aristotle ap. Athenae. viii, p. 348 ) ; Botachidce at Tcgea (Steph.
Byz. in v) ; Branchidce, near Miletus, etc ; and an interesting illustration is
afforded, in other times and other places, by the frequency of the ending ikon
in villages near Zurich in Switzerland, Mezikon, Nennikon, Wezikon, etc.
Bliintschli, in his history of Zurich, shows that these terminations arc
abridgments of inghoven, including an original patronymic element, indi-
cating the primary settlement of members of a family, or of a band bearing
the name of its captain, on the same spot (Bliintschli, Staats and Rechts
Geschiehte dcr Stadt Zurich, vol. i, p. 26).
In other Inscriptions from the island of Kos, published by Professor Ross,
we have a deme mentioned (without name), composed of three coalescing
gentes., " In hoc et sequente titulo alium jam deprehendimus demum Count,
e tribus gentibus appcllatione patronymica conflatum, Antimaehidnrtim,
j^giliensium, Archiclarum." (Ross, Inscript. Gra;c. Ine<f. Fascic. iii, No
307, p. 44. Berlin, 1845.) This is a specimen of the process systematically
introduced by Kleisthenes in Attica.
