206 HISTORY OF GREECE. land, where Athenian manoeuvring would be unavailing. Ac- cordingly, they commenced this movement early in the morning, sailing in line of four abreast towards the northern coast of the inner gulf; the right squadron, under the Lacedemonian Timo- krates, was in the van, according to its natural position, 1 and care had been taken to place in it twenty of the best sailing ships, since the success of the plan of action was known beforehand to depend upon their celerity. As they had foreseen, Phormuv, the moment he saw their movement, put his men on shipboard, and rowed into the interior of the strait, though with the greatest reluctance ; for the Messenians were on land alongside of him, and he knew that Naupaktus, with their wives and families, and a long circuit of wall, 2 was utterly undefended. He ranged his ships in line of battle ahead, probably his own the leading ship ; and sailed close along the land towards Naupaktus, while the Messenians marching ashore kept near to him. Both fleets were thus moving in the same direction, and towards the same point, the Athenian close along shore, the Peloponnesians some- what farther off. 3 The latter had now got Phormio into the 7 Thueyd. ii, 90. lm reaaupuv Tagu/tevoi rf vavf. Matthias in his Gram- mar (sect. 584), states that enl reaaapuv means "four deep," and cites this passage of Thucydides as an instance of it. But the words certainly mean here four abreast ; though it is to be recollected that a column four abreast, when turned into line, becomes four deep.
- Thucyd. iii, 102.
3 Thucyd. ii, 90. Oi 6e TleTiOirowTjaiot, irrEidrj avrolc oi 'A.$nvaioi OVK tirsnheov ef TOV Kohirov Kal TU areva, fiovTiojtevoi UKOVTO^ lau Tcpoayayttv avToiJf, uvayoftfvoi ufia u ejrXeov, ircl Ttoaupuv Tau[j.evoi Tuf vavf, en I rrjv iavTuv yfjv lau knl TOV KO^KOV, ds^'tv Kspa jj-yov/uevu, uaTrep Kal upfiovv knl ff OITGJ eiKoai vrjag ZraSav ruf upinra Ttleovaaf, &TTUC, el upa vofiiaaf knl TTJV NainraKTOv TtAsiv o Qopfiiuv Kal avrbf i^c/BoJiduv ravriy napcnrheoi, fj/fj diatfrvyoiev -n"kiovra TOV iiriTr^ovv a<f>&v ol 'A.$jjvaloi ef u TOV eavT uv /cepwf, aW avrai ai vf/ef TTfpiK^yasiav. It will be seen that I have represented in the text the movement of the Pelcponnesian fleet as directed ostensibly and to all appearance against Naupaktus : and I translate the words in the fourth line of the above pas- sage em T7]v iavTuv yriv ecu tirl TOV nohnov as meaning "against the itation of the Athenians up the gulf within" that is, against Naupaktus. Mr. Bloorcfield gives that meaning to the passage, though not to the words but the Scholiast, Dr. Arnold, Poppo. and Goller, all construe it differently,
and maintain that the words TTJV eav-uv yrjv mean the Peloponnesian shore
