REATY WITH CARTHAGE. 183 as at the landing of Dion in Sicily. 1 The line of separation was fixed at the river Halykus, or Lykus, which flows into the south- ern sea near Herakleia Minoa, and formed the western boundary of the territory of Agrigentum. All westward of the Halykus was recognized as Carthaginian ; but it was stipulated that if any Greeks within that territory desired to emigrate and become in- mates of Syracuse, they should be allowed freely to come with their families and their property. It was farther covenanted that all the territory eastward of the Halykus should be con- sidered not only as Greek, but as free Greek, distributed among so many free cities, and exempt from despots. And the Carthaginians formally covenanted that they would neither aid, nor adopt as ally, any Grecian despot in Sicily. 2 In the first treaty concluded by the elder Dionysius with the Carthaginians, it had been stipulated by an express article that the Syracusans should be subject to him. 3 Here is one of the many contrasts between Dionysius and Timoleon. Having thus relieved himself from his most formidable enemy, Timoleon put a speedy end to the war in other parts of the island. Mamerkus in fact despaired of farther defence without foreign aid. He crossed over with a squadron into Italy to ask for the intro- duction of a Lucanian army into Sicily ; 4 which he might perhaps have obtained, since that warlike nation were now very powerful had not his own seamen abandoned him, and carried back their vessels to Katana, surrendering both the city and themselves to Timoleon. The same thing, and even more, had been done a little before by the troops of Hiketas at Leontini, who had even delivered up Hiketas himself as prisoner ; so powerful, seemingly, was the ascendency exercised by the name of Timoleon, with the 1 Diodor. xv. 17. Minoa (Herakleia) was a Carthaginian possession when Dion landed (Plutarch, Dion, c. 25). Cornelius Nepos (Timoleon, c. 2) states erroneously, that the Carthagi- nians were completely expelled from Sicily by Timoleon. 2 Plutarch, Timoleon, c. 34 ; Diodor. xvi. 82. 3 Diodor. xiii. 114.
- Cornelius Ncpos (Timoleon, c. 2) calls Mamerkus an Italian general
who had come into Sicily to aid the despots. It is possible enough that ha may have been an Italiot Greek; for he must have been a Greek, from th* manner in which Plutarch speaks of his poetical compositions.
