334 HISTORY OF GREECE. in the first Philippic foresight of the terrible consequences of this Olynthian war, while as yet distant and unobserved by oth- ers. "We perceive the same good sense and courage in invoking the right remedies ; though his propositions of personal military service, direct taxation, or tho diversion of the Theoric fund > were all of them the most unpopular which could be made. Tho last of the three, indeed, he does not embody in a substantive mo- tion ; nor could he move it without positive illegality, which would have rendered him liable to the indictment called Graphe Paran- omon. But he approaches it near enough to raise in the public rnind the question as it really stood that money must be had ; that there were only two ways of getting it direct taxation, and appropriation of the festival fund ; and that the latter of these ought to be restored as well as the former. We shall find this question about the Theoric Fund coming forward again more than once, and shall have presently to notice it more at large. At some time after this new harangue of Demosthenes how long after it, or how far in consequence of it, we cannot say the Athenians commissioned and sent a body of foreign mercenaries to the aid of the Olynthians and Chalkidians. The outfit and transport of these troops was in part defrayed by voluntary sub- scriptions from rich Athenian citizens. But no Athenian citizen- soldiers were sent ; nor was any money assigned for the pay of the mercenaries. The expedition appears to have been sent to- wards the autumn of 350 B. c., as far as we can pretend to affirm anything respecting the obscure chronology of this period. 1 It 1 In my view, it is necessary to separate entirely the proceedings alluded to in the Demosthenic Olynthiacs, from the three expeditions to Olynthus mentioned by Philochorus during the following year 349-348 B. c., the archonship of Kallimachus. I see no reason to controvert the statement of Philochorus, that there were three expeditions during that year, such as he describes. But he must be mistaken (or Dionysius must have copied him erroneously) in setting forth those three expeditions as the whole Olynthian war, and the first of the three as being the beginning of the war. The Olyn- thian war began in 350 B. c., and the three Olynthiacs of Demosthenes refer, in my judgment, to the first months of the war. But it lasted until the early spring of 347 B. c., so that the armaments mentioned by Philochorus may luive occurred during the last half of the war. I cannot but think that Dio- nysius, being satisfied with finding three expeditions to Olynthus which might be attached as results to the three orations ct Demosthenea *as too
