ASIATIC GREEKS — SUBSTANTIALLY OEIENTALS. 335 tune, throughout the Lamian war : the grave of Grecian liberty, not for the actual combatants only, but for their posterity also.^ Until the battle of Krannon and the surrender of Athens, every- thing fell out so as to relieve Antipater from embarrassment, and impart to him double force. The intrigues of the princesses at Pella, who wei-e well known to hate him, first raised up Leon- natus, next Perdikkas, against him. Had Leonnatus lived, the arm of Antipater would have been at least weakened, if not par- alyzed ; had Perdikkas declared himself sarlier, the forces of Antipater must have been withdrawn to oppose him, and the battle of Ki-annon would probably have had a different issue. As soon as Peixiikkas became hostile to Antipater, it was his policy to sustain and seek alliance with the Greeks, as we shall iind him presently doing with the -^tolians.^ Through causes thus purely accidental, Antipater obtained an interval of a few months, during which his hands were not only free, but armed with new and unexpected strength from Leonnatus and Krate- rus, to close the Lamian war. The disastrous issue of that war was therefore in great part the effect of casualties, among which we must include the death of Leosthenes himself. Such issue is uot to be regarded as proving that the project was desperate or ill-conceived on the part of its promoters, who had full right to reckon, among the probabilities of theu* case, the effects of dis- cord between the Macedonian chiefs. In the spring of 321 b. c, Antipater and Kraterus, having concerted operations with Ptolemy governor of Egypt, crossed into Asia and began their conflict with Perdikkas ; who himself, 1 The fine lines of Liican (Pilars, vii. 640) on the effects of the battle of Pharsalia, may be cited here : — " Majus ab hac acie, quam quod sua saecula ferrent, Vulnus habent populi : plus est quam vita salusquc Quod peril: in totum mundi prostcmimur aevum. Vincitur his gladiis omnis, quie serviet, wtas. Proxima quid soboles, aut quid nieruerc nepotes, In regnum nasci ■? " etc.
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