108 CHANDRAGUPTA AND BINDUSARA to determine how far the invading army penetrated into the Ganges valley, if at all, but the result of the war is certain. When the shock of battle came, the hosts of Chan- dragupta were too strong for the invader, and Seleukos was obliged to retire and conclude a humiliating peace. Not only was he compelled to abandon all thought of conquest in India, but he was constrained to surrender a large part of Ariana to the west of the Indus. In exchange for the comparatively trifling equivalent of five hundred elephants, Chandragupta received the sa- trapies of the Paropanisadai, Aria, and Arachosia, the capitals of which were respectively the cities now known as Kabul, Herat, and Kandahar. The satrapy of Gedrosia, or at least the eastern portion of it, seems also to have been included in the cession, and the high contracting powers ratified the peace by " a matrimonial alliance, " which phrase , probably means that Seleukos gave a daughter to his Indian rival. This treaty may be dated in 303 B. c. As soon as it was concluded, Seleu- kos started on his long march westward to confront Antigonos, whom he defeated and slew at Ipsos in Phrygia in 301 B. c. As Ipsos was at least 2500 miles distant from the Indus, the march to it must have occu- pied a year or more. The range of the Hindu Kush Mountains, known to the Greeks as the Paropanisos or Indian Caucasus, in this way became the frontier between Chandragupta 's provinces of Herat and Kabul on the south, and the Se- leukidan province of Bactria on the north. The first In-
