KUTB-AD-DIN AYBEK 71 to render tribute in 1196; and in the following year Aybek won a signal victory over the vast array of the prince of Anhalwara, who left fifty thousand dead on the field, while twenty thousand prisoners and immense booty fell into the Moslems' hands. Thus the kingdom of Gujarat came under the power of Ghor. Kalinjar, the seat of the Chandel rajas, after a desperate resist- ance, fell before Aybek 's attack in 1202; its temples were turned into mosques and fifty thousand men put on the " collar of slavery." At the same time Mo- hammad Bakhtiyar, who for the first time had carried the Moslem arms across Bihar into Bengal, and made Lakhnauti his capital, brought his spoils and his homage to the great viceroy. The energy of Aybek and Bakh- tiyar had completed the successes of Mohammad Ghori, and nearly all Hindustan north of the Vindhya range was under Moslem sway. What that sway meant we know only from the chron- iclers of the conquering races. According to Hasan Nizami, who wrote at Delhi in the midst of these cam- paigns and knew Aybek well, the viceroy administered his wide provinces " in the ways of justice " and " the people were happy. " Tribute and military service were exacted as the price of toleration, and Aybek 's impar- tiality is extolled in the metaphorical phrase that " the wolf and the sheep drank water out of the same pond." " The roads were freed from robbers," and the Hindus both " high and low were treated with royal benignity," which, however, did not prevent the viceroy from mak- ing an immense number of slaves in his wars. So
