278 INDEX Rantambhor, city of Rajputana, cap- tured by Kutb-ad-din Aybek, 70 Repeatedly attacked by Balban, 82 Besieged by Ala-ad-din, 105 Ala-ad-din victorious at, 119 Taken by Mahmud the Khalji, 181 Ratagarh, temples of, demolished by Salar Mas'ud, 177 Rathors, a Hindu dynasty, defeated on the Jumna by Mohammad Ghori, 68 Ravi, a river in the Panjab, crossed by Mahmud of Ghazni, 25 Rawar, city of Bombay, Arabs victorious at, 9 Courage of women at, 9 Raziyat-ad-din, daughter of Shams-ad- din Altamish, chosen to succeed Firoz Shah, 77 Characteristics of, 77-78 Rules Delhi for three and one half years, 78 Taken prisoner by Altuniya in 1240, 79 Queen of Altuniya, 79 Death of, 79 Repression under Ala-ad-din, 107-110 Rihan, a renegade Hindu in the service of Nasir-ad-din, 82 Dismissed from court, 83 Roads, insecurity of, in the empire of Mohammad Taghlak, 136 Rohilkhand, division of the Northwest Provinces, annual campaigns to ex- act tribute from, 171 Rohtas, fortress of Bengal, occupied by Sher Khan, 233 "Rumi " (Ottoman) customs adopted by the Bahmanid Sultans, 191 Rumi Khan, Ottoman engineer, advises Bahadur Shah not to attack Huma- yun, 230 In Humayun's army, 232 Rupar, a city in the Panjab, Khizr Khan pursues rebels to, 171 S Sabuktagin, slave and successor of Alp- tagin, 18 Attempt of, to invade India from the northwest, 18 Death of, 18 Sahi, a dynasty, 24 Salar Mas'ud, pilgrimage of Firoz Shah to the shrine of, 167 Legendary account of the demolition of the temples of Ratagarh by, 177 Death of, 177 Salsette, island of Bombay, recovered from Deccan kings by Ahmad I, 182 Salt Range, in the Panjab, troops of Mahmud of Ghazni harassed at, 28 Samana, Mohammedan stronghold in the Panjab, 116, 161 Samanids, an Arab dynasty, 16, 31 Samarkand, city of Turkistan, subdued by Ali Tigin, 2 Arab occupation of, 5 Turks in, 17 Once a limit of the kingdom of Khwa- rizm, 76 Timur's third failure at, 203-204 Sambhal, city in the Northwest Prov- inces, taken by Babar, 211 Samma Jam, ruler of Sind, 148 Defeated by Firoz Shah's second expe- dition, 149 Sandila, city in Oudh, separate fief in the reign of Firoz Shah, 163 Sanga, rana of Chitor, defeats Mahmud Khalji II, 182 Head of all the Rajput princes, 211 Size of the army of, 211 Wounds of, 211 Advances on Biana, 211 Death of, 215 Sanjar, Seljuk Sultan, 48 Sapera, seaport of Western India, 3 Saracens, armies of, in the seventh cen- tury, 2 In North Africa, 2 In Persia, 2 In Spain, 2 Satgaon, city near Hughli, mints of Mohammad Taghlak at, 143 One of the two capital cities of Bengal, 173 Satpura Hills, mountain range of Central India, impassable barrier to the Mo- hammedans until 1294, 100, 181 Sayyids, Mohammedan dynasty, 63, 170 Battle of, with Ibrahim in 1427, 178 Last of, supplanted by Buhlol in 1461, 195 Dynastic list of the, 153 Seljuks in Persia, 36 Conquer all of Mahmud' s Persian pos- sessions, 87 Allied with the Ghaznavids, 48 Shah Alam, the last of the Moghul em- perors, 241 Shams-ad-din Altamish, a slave of Kutb- ad-din Aybek, takes the throne of Delhi, 72, 73 Character of, 73 True founder of the dynasty of Slave Kings, 73 Governor of Gwalior in 1196, 73 Gains possession of the Northern Panjab, 74
