CHAPTER VIII
THE SITUATION IN BENGAL
Clive's victory in 1757 was followed by the military occupation of Bengal, which had an immense and far-reaching effect upon the position of the English in India. Their resources were so considerably increased that the defeat of the French in the Peninsula became thenceforward certain; for while Lally was cut off by sea and vainly attempting to support himself along a strip of seacoast, the English had their feet firmly planted in the Gangetic delta and the rich alluvial districts of the lower Ganges. The word Bengal must be understood, here and hereafter, to signify the great territory which includes the three provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, which were all under the rulership of the Nawab Siraj-ad-daulah. The subordination of the Bengal Nawabs to the English at once extended British predominance northwestward as far as the banks of the Ganges opposite Benares, and the capital of English political dominion was thenceforward established at Calcutta.
This transfer of the headquarters of the Company's government to Calcutta marks a notable step forward,
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