i 5 8 BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE. BOOK I. and a third is the circular chaitya cave. They are all very much dilapidated the fronts having mostly fallen away but the carving that remains on two of the facades, consisting of chaitya-window, rail-pattern and dagaba ornamentation is so like to what we find at Bhaja, Kondane, Bedsa and Nasik, that we cannot be far wrong in ascribing this group to the like early period. 1 The plan and section (Woodcuts Xos. 79, 80) will explain 79. Circular Cave, Junnar. (From a Plan by J. Burgess.) Scale 50 ft. to i in. 80. Section of Circular Cave, Junnar, (From a Drawing by J. Burgess.) Scale 2? ft. to i in. the form of the circular cave above alluded to. It is not large, only 25 ft. 6 in. across, while its roof is supported by twelve plain . octagonal pillars which surround the dagaba. 2 The tee has been removed from the dagaba to convert it into a lingam of Siva, in which form it is now worshipped. The interest of the arrangement of this cave will be more apparent when we come to describe the dagabas in Ceylon, which were encircled with pillars in the same manner as this one. Meanwhile the following representation (Woodcut No. 81) of a circular temple from the Buddhist sculptures at Bharaut may enable us to realise, to some extent at least, the external form of these temples, which perhaps were much more common in ancient times than any remains we now possess would justify us in assuming. Among the other Manmoda caves are two small unfinished chaityas and a small vihara beside one of them that have all octagonal pillars with the water-pot bases and capitals in their verandahs, but with a square block between the abacus and architrave. Near the more southerly is an excavation with an inscription by the minister of Nahapana of A.D. 124, which must be about the date of these caves. 3 In the 5ivaner 1 'Cave Temples/ plate 17, fig. 4. 2 A cave at Guntupalle, in the Goda- vari district, so far resembles this, that it is circular, 1 8 ft. in diameter, with a domed roof, but without pillars, and contains a dagaba, now converted into a Linga. Infra, p. 167. 3 These caves are all pretty fully described in ' Cave Temples ' and ' Archaeological Survey Western India,' vol. iv., the two Manmoda chaityas are No. 18 'Cave Temples,' p 260, and No. 31 at pp. 261-262, and plan on plate 1 8, fig. 8.
