278 ARCHITECTURE IN THE HIMALAYAS. BOOK II. kind, but still rudimentary, which modified the rough outline of the primitive stupa ; but the lofty spire of brick and masonry, with its thirteen discs representing chhatras or umbrellas, is a development of much later date, which has even been changed into a solid cone or pyramid. 1 After these, the two most important Buddhist monuments in the valley of Nepal are those of Swayambhiinath and of 155. Temple of Swayambhunath, Nepal. (From a Drawing in the Hodgson Collection.) Bodhnath; 2 the former beautifully situated on a gentle eminence about half a mile from Kathmandii, the latter at Bodhnath about three and a half miles east from it; it is greatly reverenced by the Tibetans under the name of the Ma-gu-ta chorten. 1 Sylvain Levi, ' Nepal,' tome ii. pp. I, 2. A view of this chaitya forms the 'History of Nepal,' plate ix. p. 100; Oldfield's < Sketches from Nepal,' vol. ii. p. 260 ; and in Sylvain Levi's ' Nepal,' frontispiece of Buchanan Hamilton's j tome i. p. 151, from a photograph, volume; it also figures in Wright's I
