Page:History of Journalism in the United States.djvu/49

CHAPTER III

THE FIRST JOURNALS AND THEIR EDITORS

The news-letter of England—In America—Postmaster as editor—America's first newspaper—The Boston News-Letter—Origin—Character of paper—Its lack of enterprise — Brooker and the second paper—Appearance of James Franklin—Conflict with the authorities—Benjamin Franklin's journalistic beginning.

The news-letter, of ancient origin, filled the place of newspapers in England as well as in America, long before the first newspaper appeared. In the mother country the news-letter had become an important political engine.^[1] One writer in particular, a high-churchman named Dyery whose letters were much circulated in manuscript, was twice sent to prison for his anti-government writings.

Eagerness for news, so persistently thwarted by the government, caused the people of London to flock to the coffee-houses, while censorship was being exercised, as the Athenians of ancient times flocked to the market-place. To some extent this satisfied the Londoners, but people in the provinces were obliged to depend on news-letters. These were prepared by writers who wandered from one coffee-house to another, gathering material for weekly epistles with which to enlighten the country folk. It was an evidence of the material well-being of a country gentleman that his news-letter arrived weekly to supply him with the gossip of the great city.^[2]

The demand for news-letters brought about, in 1695,

1. Macaulay, History of England, v, 2459.
2. Macaulay, History of England, i, 381.