HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI 429 ized to include work in the following sub- jects: School economy, methods of teaching, natural science, mental and moral philosophy, history and philosophy of education, logic, graded schools, institute work, etc., and prac- tical teaching. The language and literature department in- cluded work in English, comprising rhetoric and English and American literature, and two years in Latin. In addition to these, elocu- tion was taught in each year of the course. The mathematical department gave instruc- tion in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trig- onometry, surveying, and astronomy. The work in surveying included some practical work with the compass and the course in astronomy was accompanied by experimental observations through a telescope. The department of natural science and nat- ural history did work in physical geography, physics, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, bot- any, zoology, physiology, and history of science. The equipment for teaching these sciences at that time was limited, though judged by the standards of the time, it was not wholly inadequate. The department of geography and history gave instruction in descriptive geography. United States history, general history, and civil government. There was also a brief course in English history. In the art department penmanship was taught, also drawing, bookkeeping, and vocal music. A comparison of these with the courses offered at the present time indicates the ex- pansion in this direction. The Normal school of today is a teacher's college and is organ- ized into three great departments ; one, the elementary professional department, the com- pletion of which gives to the student the ele- mentary certificate good for a period of two J ears; the advanced professional department, which leads to the Normal diploma, and the college department, organized after the usual form of colleges and leading to one of three degrees. Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, or Bachelor of Education. In addition to this the school is divided into departments according to subjects. The . department of education, which offers courses in pedagogy, in the teaching of common branches, in psychology, principles of teach- ing, school management, history of education, kindergarten teaching, primary teaching, supervision of country schools, plaj^ ground and school hygiene, and theory and practice of physical training. The department of philosophy offers courses in sociology, especially psychology, logic, history of philosophy, ethics, theory of school organization, control and philosophy of the elementary school curriculum. The department of languages offers courses in Latin, Greek, German, French, Spanish, and English. The department of history offers courses in history of Europe and America. The department of mathematics gives in- struction in mathematics including analytical geometry and calculus. The department of physics and chemistry is equipped for teaching these sciences after the most approved method, having good laboratories for both. The department of biologj' and of geog- raphy are well prepared for instruction in these subjects. One of the large departments in the school is that of agriculture and industrial train- ing. It is organized to give instruction in agriculture, manual training, in domestic science and domestic art. There is also a department of physical
