Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 3).djvu/680

Navigation, a Treaty of, ought to have accompanied the French Treaty of 1860, p. 437 Navigation Bill, third reading of it carried by a majority of 61 in the House of Commons, p. 263 ——, second reading of, carried by a majority of 10 in the Lords, p. 278 Navigation Laws, for two centuries considered universally the cause of England's superiority on the ocean, p. 54 ——, views of foreign nations on the character and value of them to England, pp. 54-5 ——, study of them leads to but one conclusion—how much trouble our ancestors took to "beggar their neighbours," p. 107 ——, condensed summary of, as in force in 1847, pp. 107-8 —— so far relaxed, as to call places, not geographically belonging to Austria, &c., ports, p. 113 —— full, in 1847, of anomalies which could neither be explained nor defended, pp. 113-15 ——, great difficulty in executing them, as they were in 1847, owing to the Registry Law, p. 114 ——, anecdote of the vessel chartered with cochineal for the Canary Islands, p. 121 ——, their ultimate working of no value to any one but the Shipowner, and, economically, a total waste of capital, p. 121 —— in many instances direct obstructions to ordinary trade, caused by, pp. 121-2 —— studied as much to see how they could be evaded as acted on in good faith, p. 122 ——, special difficulty of carrying out their principles in the case of Canada, p. 123 ——, advocates of their repeal, in 1847, not altogether successful, p. 140. ——, chief advocates of them as they were, Mr. G. F. Young, Mr. Richmond, Mr. Philipps, Mr. Imrie, Mr. Duncan Dunbar, and Mr. Macqueen, p. 141, note

Navigation Laws, arguments of the Shipowners in favour of the, pp. 141-3 ——, under, there was in 1847, coincidently, a protected and an unprotected trade, p. 154, note

——, difficulty under, as to what was or was not a manufactured article, pp. 155-6

——, under, foreign ships, up to 1845, could carry passengers but not goods, coast-wise, pp. 156-7 ——, the Queen, in Speech from Throne, Nov. 18, 1847, recommends their consideration, p. 162 ——, twenty-five witnesses called by the Committee for the repeal of, and nine against, p. 157 ——, many questions on, to be dealt with by Government, unsupported, at the time, by any facts, pp. 177-8 ——, debate on-first division—June 2, 1848, for adjournment carried by 236 to 73, p. 200 ——, inquiry into restrictions imposed by, recommended in Speech from the Throne, pp. 218-9 ——, the Royal Assent given to the Bill for their repeal, June 26, 1849, p. 285 Neutrals, Government resumes the right of allowing effective blockades by, p. 354 Neutrals, rights of, respected in the war with Russia, and privateering abolished, p. 406 New England produces the almost entire supply of native-born American seamen, pp. 25-6 New Orleans, extraordinary growth of the trade of, since 1820, p. 5, note New York profited greatly during the earlier part of the revolutionary war in Europe, p. 5 —— greatly advantaged by the commencement of the Erie Canal in 1825, pp. 5-6. ——, details of the amount of tonnage entering it, between 1822 and 1871, p. 6, note

—— suffered severely between 1806 and 1815 from captures, condemnations, and embargoes, ibid.

Norway, character of the Seaman's Institution in, founded Dec. 1834, pp. 39-40