238 HISTORY OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE Scientific and professional men wore long, full robes, reaching to the feet, almost always of a dark colour, but occasionally red. A simple biretta-like cap covered their close-cut hair. These distinct costumes for each rank and position are very characteristic of ' the true, honest German citizen ' and German domestic life, and are truthfully depicted by German art. How home-like and comfortable, for instance, is the room in which Diirer depicts St. Jerome ! It has two windows with small round panes ; the ceiling is of dark timber ; in the corner is an antique oak table, on which are the crucifix and an inkstand, and the furniture is ample and comfortable. In the background we see the large hour-glass which is considered an indispensable ac- cessory in all well-regulated households, the row of tapers ready lighted, the flasks of balsam, and the medicine case stocked with household remedies. There lies also the leather portfolio with writing materials and a large scissors. Beside the Eosary lies a brush ; from the ceiling hangs a gourd ; under the bench are thick-soled sabots. Everything bespeaks German thrift and domestic comfort. Anything that may be wanting to make this a com- plete picture of a German home is added by Diirer in the bedroom of St. Anna after the birth of the Virgin, A wide staircase with heavy balustrades leads from the end of the room to an upper storey; near the door, whose massive locks attract attention, is a washstand with all its conveniences, the towels and brushes hang- ing near. On a shelf are seen a richly bound prayer- book, a handsome candlestick, spice and medicine boxes. In front of the window is drawn up one of those comfortable seats which are yet to be seen in
