VIII,] POWER OF THE CROWN. 139 alliance with France, and made it a condition that the princes should no longer be harboured there. They were then serving in the army of Turenne in the Low Coun- tries, but they now went over to the Spaniards. Condd was commanding there, but he was greatly hampered by the Spanish generals, who did not half trust him. The great struggle was before Dutikirk, which Mazarin had under- taken to besiege and make over to the English. Turenne attacked it suddenly, and the Spanish army, hastening up, gave battle to the French, contrary to Conde's advice, on the sandhills round the city called Dunes. Turenne gained the victory, and Dunkirk was speedily taken and given to the English. 13. The Peace of the Pyrenees, 1659. — Many other cities of the Netherlands fell into the hands of the French, and Philip IV. of Spain, weary of the war, came to terms. He sent his prime-minister, Lewis de Haro^ to meet Mazarin on the Isle of Pheasants, in the middle of the Bidassoa, where the Peace of the Pyrenees was con- cluded. By this treaty the French frontier was advanced some way into the Spanish Netherlands, taking in nearly all Artois and parts of Flanders and Hainault. At the other end Spain surrendered Roussillon and Cerdagne, bringing the French frontier to the Eastern Pyrenees. Lorraine was given back to its duke; but he had to surrender the duchy of Bar, which united the three bishoprics to the body of the French kingdom. A few years later however Bar was restored to him. Condd was pardoned and made governor of Burgundy. Also Lewis XiV. the next year married Maria Teresa., the daughter of Philip IV., who on her marriage renounced all right of succession to the Spanish dominions on behalf of herself and her de- scendants. His brother Philip, who, on Gaston's deatli, Y.-as created Duke of Orleans, and like him was called Monsieur, married Hen7-ietta, the youngest daughter of Charles I. of England. 14. Rule of Lewis XIV., 1660. — The Peace of the Pyrenees was the last work of Mazarin's life. He died in 1661, and when, the day after, the king was asked who should be consulted on state affars, he answered, " My- self." He was then twenty-three, and, from that time for fifty-four years, he was his own prime-minister, for, as Mazarin had truly said of him, "there was enough in him to make four kings and one honest man." He had untiring industry, and had learned the secret of the two
