148 HISTORY OF FRANCE. [chap. that the French and Austrian shares should in no case go to the eldest son of either family, but that the French share should go to Philips Duke of Anjou, the second son of the Dauphin, and the Austrian share to the Archduke Charles, the second son of the Emperor. By the second treaty, in 1700, it was agreed that the Archduke Charles should have Spain, except the pro- vince of Guipuzcoa, the Netherlands, and the Indies, while France was to take the Sicilies and the other Italian possessions, and was then to exchange Milan with the Duke of Lorraine for his own duchy. But when Charles II. died the same year, it appeared that he had left the whole of his dominions to Philip of Anjou. Lewis accepted the bequest as overruling all the treaties, and took leave of his grandson, a meek dull lad of seventeen, with the words, " The Pyrenees are no more." The Emperor of course called on him to remember the treaty. The Grand Alliance against France was now formed by the Emperor and several of the other German princes, England, and the United Provinces. The third great war of Lewis' long life now began, and when Madame de Maintcnon said that he had many courtiers but not one general, it was an over-hasty judgement, iox Marshal Villars was an able leader, and so was the Duke of Ven- dome, when once fairly roused from indolence. The ablest was James Fitsjamcs, Ditke of Bet-wick, illegitimate son of James 11. by the sister of the Dieke of Marlborough, the great English leader in this war. But the uncle and nephew never met on the field, Berwick being sent to take care of the affairs of the young King of Spain, whose wife CiiUcd him "a great dry Englishman, who always looks straight before him." The war was carried on in Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany, where the Elector of Bavaria took the side of France. Philip V. was generally accepted in Spain, but Catalonia and Aragon took the side of the Archduke. 21. The War of the Spanish Succession. — The war in fact began in Italy on the part of the Emperor, before the Grand Alliance had taken place. Here Prince Eugene withstood Catinat, and afterwards 'end6me, but the war on this side did little but destroy both armies without much affecting the general course of the struggle. In 1702 the war Mont on botli in Germany and in the Netherlands, and a vain attempt on Cadiz was made by the. English. In the same year the Huguenots of the
