xv ADRIAEN VAN DE VELDE 455 after 1672, which occur, though rarely, on his pictures, but also by the architectural details and the costumes. Moreover, it can be shown that Van der Heyde was himself a very clever figure-draughtsman. One need only refer to his etchings in his Brandspuitenboek (" Fire-engine Book") the work in which he described his invention of a hose for a fire-engine to see that the charmingly drawn figures which occur in these prints or the studies of firemen at work in the Amsterdam Print-room are in no wise inferior to the figures by Adriaen van de Velde. Thus Van der Heyde showed himself capable of adding figures in Adriaen's manner to his own pictures, possibly before Adriaen's death, and certainly after that time, and other artists must have done the same. Van de Velde's own pupil Dirck van Bergen was quite capable of painting a few small cows, sheep, and figures in his master's style. Thus, the numerous figures in the Hobbema (136) belonging to Mr. Beit seem to be, on the one hand, not quite delicate enough, and, on the other hand, somewhat too obtrusive to be the work of Adriaen van de Velde. For it was the master's greatest gift to be able always to subordinate his figures to the landscape into which he was introducing them. PUPILS AND IMITATORS OF ADRIAEN VAN DE VELDE DIRCK VAN BERGEN (about 1640-90) was, according to Houbraken, a pupil of A. van de Velde, and his works confirm the statement. They are so closely related to the pictures of his master's later period from about 1665 onward as to be very often confused with them. Van Bergen's work is somewhat less neat in drawing, less careful in details, and less skilled in aerial perspective ; his figures, too, are more frequently subordinate to his cattle. Another pupil, JOHANNES INNEVELT, is only known by being mentioned as such in documents, and not by any picture. The two Dordrecht painters, PIETER and GABRIEL VAN DER LEEUW, may be noticed with Van Bergen. Their pictures are uncommon, and, in point of quality, are a little less refined than his. TRANSLATOR'S NOTE In the references added to the entries in the Catalogue "Sm." = Smith, "Catalogue Raisonne"," vol. v. (1834). " Sm. Suppl." = Smith, "Catalogue Raisonne," Supplement (1842).
