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CHINA
HMG RESOURCING................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69 - SIS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
69 - GCHQ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
70 - MI5................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
70 - JIO................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
70 - Other organisations................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
71 - Potential for increase in resourcing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
72
DEFENDING THE UK................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................75 - Responsibility................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
75 - Focus and coverage................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
76 - Protective role: CPNI and NCSC................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
77 - A new approach................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
79 - Challenges in tackling Chinese spying................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
79 - Challenges in countering Chinese interference operations................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
81
ON THE 'OFFENSIVE'................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85 - Allocation of effort................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
85 - Requirements................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
86 - Coverage................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
87 - Effects................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
87 - Are SIS and GCHQ 'achieving'?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
89 - SIS and GCHQ challenges in operating against China................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
90
WORKING WITH OUR ALLIES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................95 - Five Eyes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
95 - Other partners................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
96
LEGISLATION................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................97 - The need for new legislation on Hostile State Activity................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
97
PART TWO: CASE STUDIES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................101 - ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
102
CHINESE INTERFERENCE IN UK ACADEMIA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................103 - Influence and interference................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
103 - Economic advantage................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
109
THE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................115 - Who: Taking responsibility for tackling influence and interference................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
115 - How: Taking action on influence and interference................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
116 - What: Understanding the threat from theft and subversion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
116 - How: Taking action on economic advantage................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
117 - ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
122
CHINA'S APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................123 - Why the UK?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
125 - What does China target in the UK?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
126
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