church with regard to education, declared by him who
has an undisputed title to be called the father of the
medieval papacy, and whose example was law to his
successors, as indeed it was to the whole of Latin
Christendom for many ages. From this authority there
was however one corner of Europe practically exempted.[1]
Ireland had as yet remained free from the invasion of
foreign barbarians, and had held its own tradition not
only of Christian but also of classical culture. Although
it did not receive Christianity until the middle of the
fifth century,[2] the newly-planted religion had grown up
with astonishing rapidity and strength.[3] The Irish, or,
to give them their proper name, the Scots, had no sooner
been enlightened by the preaching of a foreign missionary,
saint Patrick, than they pressed forward to make all nations
participators in the knowledge of their new faith. Al
ready there was a steady emigration across the north
channel into that country which was soon to borrow the
civilisation, the very name, of the settlers.[4] Now, that
emigration took a distinctively religious character. The
little island of Hy off the coast of Mull became the head
spring from which Christianity was to penetrate among
- ↑ M. Haureau s chapter on the Ecoles d Irlande, in his Singu- larites historiques et litteraires, 1861, is full of the interest which that author is peculiarly skilful in giving to whatever he writes. A good survey of the Irish missions is contained in a learned essay by Arthur West Haddan on Scots on the Continent, printed in his Remains, 258-294, Oxford 1876. [Cf. L. Gougaud, Les Chretientes Celtiques, 134- 174, 1911; and W. Levison, Die Ircn und die Frankische Kirche, in the Historische Zeitschrift, 109. 1-22, 1912.] For the character of the ancient Irish church see the introduction to J. H. Todd s Saint Patrick the Apostle of Ireland, Dublin 1864,
- ↑ That there might have been and probably were a few Christians in Ireland before saint Patrick’s day is not of course denied : see Todd 197.
- ↑ It is recorded by chroniclers, as one might chronicle a good har- vest, that A.r>. 674 Ireland was jull of saints : Haddan 264.
- ↑ For a long time the name of Scotland continued to be common to the two countries. Thus saint Notker Balbulus speaks of an event as occurring in Scotia, insult* Hy- bernia : Martyrolog. ad v. Id. lun., in J. Basnage, Thesaur. Monum. eccles. et hist. 2 (3) 140, Antwerp 1725 folio. Compare the evidence collected by archbishop Ussher, Britann. Ecclesiarum Antiquit. 380-384, ed. 2, London 1687 folio.
