He wrote a commentary on the "Ethics and Politics of Aristotle," professedly a compilation from the lectures of Argyropulus the Greek, and translated into Latin two of Plutarch's lives, and into Italian a Latin history of Florence. Died 1478.—E. M.
ACCIAJUO´LI, Nicolas, an Italian statesman, great seneschal at Naples, born at Florence in 1310. By his prudence and foresight, he rendered eminent service to Queen Joan I. in her flight to Avignon; and after her marriage with Louis, he greatly contributed to her restoration in 1355. Died in 1366.
ACCIAJUO´LI, Renier, a Florentine, nephew of the preceding, became in 1364 lord of Corinth, and afterwards sovereign of Attica, and part of Bœotia. He reigned at Athens as Duke Renier I. Dying without legitimate male issue, he bequeathed Athens to the Venetians; Corinth to his son-in-law, Thomas Palæologus; and Bœotia to his natural son Antonio, who afterwards became duke of Athens, was succeeded by Nerio, and he by Antonio, from whose son and successor, Franco, Athens was taken by Sultan Mahomet II. in 1455.—E. M.
ACCIAJUO´LI, Zenobio, a learned Dominican, librarian of the Vatican under Leo X., born at Florence in 1451. He translated into Latin three of the minor Greek fathers, and edited the Greek epigrams of his friend Politian. He was also a poet of some distinction. Died in 1519.
ACCIAJUO´LI SALVETTI, Madalena, a celebrated Italian poetess, born at Florence about the middle of the sixteenth century. She left miscellaneous poetry—"Rime Toscane," 2 vols. 4to, and an unfinished poem, entitled "Davide perseguitato ovvero fuggitivo." Died in 1610.
ACCIO ZUCCO, an Italian poet of the fifteenth century, author of an Italian poetical paraphrase of "Æsop's Fables."
* ACCIO´LI, J. de Cerqueira e Sylva, a distinguished Brazilian historian and geographer, born at Brazil about the close of last century. The family Accioli, or Achioli, have long occupied a prominent place in the annals of Brazilian literature. M. Accioli is resident member of the Historical Institute of Rio de Janeiro, and resides chiefly at Bahia de todos Os Santos, and at Para. He has written some valuable works relative to the history and geography of the provinces in which he resides.—J. F.
A´CCIUS or A´TTIUS, Lu´cius, was one of the most famous Latin tragic poets. He flourished in the second century before the Christian era. Only fragments of his tragedies have come down to us, preserved principally in the works of Cicero.
ACCIUS or ATTIUS PRISCUS, a Roman painter, who, with Cornelius Priscus, decorated the temple of Virtue and Honour at Rome, 69 years after Christ.
ACCOLTI, Benedetto, a distinguished Italian lawyer and historian, professor of law at Florence, and afterwards secretary to the Florentine republic; well known as author of two Latin works, the one a history of the Crusades, which Tasso is said to have used as the basis of his "Jerusalem Delivered;" and the other, a discourse on the worthies of the age, asserting the equality of the moderns to the ancients. Born at Arezzo in 1415, and died at Florence in 1466. Another Benedetto Accolti, related to the preceding, having engaged in a plot against the life of Pope Pius IV., was, on conviction, publicly executed along with his principal accomplices in 1564.—E. M.
ACCOLTI, Bernard, son of Benedetto the historian, was a celebrated Italian poet, whose rehearsals of extemporaneous poetry excited amazing enthusiasm, and attracted enormous crowds. His printed poems, though, from his habit of extemporaneous composition, deficient in polish and precision, exhibit the fancy and fire of a true poet. Born in 1465; died in 1535.
ACCOLTI, Francis, brother of Benedetto the historian, taught law at Sienna and other places, with great and merited reputation, but was noted for peevishness and avarice. Born at Arezzo in 1418, and died at Sienna in 1483.
ACCOLTI, Peter, son of Benedetto the historian, was apostolical abbreviator under Leo X., and drew up the famous bull against Luther. He was afterwards secretary to Clement VII., by whom he was made a cardinal in 1527, and in 1532 was sent as governor of Ancona. Died at Florence 1549.
ACCORAMBO´NA, Vittoria, an Italian poetess, who, on suspicion of having murdered her husband, was confined several years in the castle of St. Angelo, and, when liberated on establishing her innocence, was married to the duke of Arcenno, by whose relative, L. Orsini, she was murdered in 1585.
ACCORAMBO´NI, Fabio, son of Geronimo, was professor of law and author of several works on jurisprudence, and, having held various offices under the papal government, became distinguished as a negotiator and statesman. Born at Gubio in 1502; died at Rome in 1559.
ACCORAMBO'NI, Felix, grandson of Geronimo, distinguished as a poet, philosopher, and physician, author of a commentary on various works of Aristotle, Galen, and Theophrastus, flourished towards the end of the sixteenth century.
ACCORAMBO'NI, Geronimo, an Italian physician and medical author, successively physician to Leo X., Clement VII., and Pius III., born at Gubio in 1467; died at Rome in 1537.
ACCORSO, Francesco, or ACCURSIUS, a mediæval jurist, born at Florence in 1182. After being for some time professor of law in his native city, he settled at Bologna. By the writers of the 12th and 13th centuries, he was called the "Jurist's Idol." To his Great Gloss, or continuous annotations on the "Corpus Juris" of Justinian, lawyers during a great part of the middle ages referred as an infallible authority. Died at Bologna in 1260.
ACCORSO, Francesco, or FRANCISCUS ACCURSII, son of the preceding, born at Bologna in 1225. Distinguished, like his father, for his knowledge of jurisprudence, he was still more remarkable for his practical wisdom and diplomatic ability. In 1273 he was induced by Edward I., then returning from the Holy Land, to accompany him to England, where he remained as that monarch's confidential adviser till 1282, when he returned to Bologna, and resumed his lectures. Died in 1293. Other two sons and a daughter of the elder Accorso are said to have been not only accomplished jurists, but public teachers of jurisprudence.—E. M.
ACCO´RSO, Mari´angelo, one of the most learned critics and remarkable linguists of the sixteenth century, born at Aquila, in the kingdom of Naples, about 1490. He was a favourite agent of the Emperor Charles V., who sent him on various missions to Germany, Poland, and other parts of the north. He was author of several literary works, editor of various ancient Latin authors, and enriched the Vatican with valuable manuscripts collected during his travels.—E. M.
ACCOTTI, Geronimo, an Italian Dominican of Mecca, died in 1560.
ACCOTTO, Reginald, a Sicilian Dominican, for many years primarius of the college of his order in Naples, was a famous preacher, and author of several works; died in 1590.
ACCUM, Frederick, a German chemist, born at Buckeburg in 1769. He came to London in 1793, and towards the close of his life retired to Berlin, where he died in 1838. He was for a short time an assistant in the laboratory of the Royal Institution, London, and settled afterwards in Compton-street, Soho, where he gave lectures on chemistry and physics, sold chemical apparatus, and instructed private pupils, amongst whom were the duke of Northumberland, Lord Camelford, and other influential persons. He took an active part in the introduction of gas-lighting into London, and several towns in England; and his treatise on that subject, published in 1815, was greatly conducive to a general appreciation of the importance and economy of this mode of illumination. He was the author of several popular treatises on subjects relating to chemistry, among which may be enumerated—"The Elements of Crystallography," 1813; "Art of Brewing;" "Culinary Chemistry," 1821; "Chemical Amusements;" "Chemical Tests and Reagents," 1826; "The Physical and Chemical Qualities of Building Materials," 1826.—F. P., G.
ACCURSIUS. See Accorso, Francesco.
ACERBI, Enri´co, an Italian physician and writer, contributor to the "Bibliotheca Italiana," and author of several medical works, born near Milan in 1785; died in 1827.
ACERBI, Giuseppe, an Italian traveller, born near Mantua in 1773. Having in 1799 traversed Lapland, reaching North Cape, and afterwards repaired to London, he there in 1802 published in English an account of his travels. In 1816 he established the "Bibliotheca Italiana," published at Milan. In 1826 he was appointed Austrian consul in Egypt, whence he transmitted to the museums of Italy and Vienna, numerous and valuable Egyptian antiquities. Died at the place of his birth in 1846.—E. M.
ACERNUS, a name Latinized from the Polish Klonowicz (Sebastian Fabian), born at Sulmierzyce, in the palatinate of Kalist, 1551. He was so distinguished for his Latin and Polish poems as to be called the "Sarmatian Ovid." After finishing
