BARCA, Joseph, an Italian general, originally of Milan, lived in the first half of the seventeenth century. He rose to the rank of captain-general in the service of Spain.
BARCA, Pietro Antonio, a Milanese architect of the eighteenth century, the author of most ingenious essays on the fine and useful arts.—R. M.
BARCALI, surnamed Mohammed Ben Pir Ali, a Mohammedan theologian of the 16th century, author of an exposition of Mohammedanism, entitled "Tharikat Mohammediat."
BARCELOS or BRACELOS, Pierre, a Portuguese genealogist; died in 1340. His genealogy of the principal families of Portugal was printed in 1540.
BARCENA, Alfonse, a jesuit, born at Cordova; died at Cusco in Peru in 1598. He acquired great reputation by his mission to South America. He wrote a grammar, and several works for the use of the Indians.
BARCHAM or BARKHAM, John, D.D., second son of Laurence Barcham of St. Leonard's in Devonshire, born at Exeter in 1572. He was made chaplain to Archbishops Bancroft and Abbot, rector and dean of Booking, and D.D. He was a celebrated antiquary, especially in the knowledge of coins. He wrote the histories of John and of Henry II., kings of England, which are published by Speed in his history. He also-wrote a preface to Crakenthorp's book in reply to Marc. Ant. de Dominis. Anthony Wood, on the authority of Sir William Dugdale, attributes to him the authorship of the principal part of Guillim's Heraldry; but, in Dr. Bliss's opinion, without sufficient foundation. He died at Booking, March 25, 1642.—T. F.
BARCHETTA, Andrea, a Neapolitan sculptor at the beginning of the seventeenth century, particularly noted for his wood carvings, of which the statues of St. Maria-la-Nuova at Naples are the best specimens.—R. M.
BARCHI, Joseph-Marie, a biographer, a native of Mantua; lived in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He wrote the "Life of Anne Juliette Gonzague, Archduchess of Austria."
BARCHOU DE PENHOEN a French writer, a native of Brest, of the present century, was elected a member of the National Assembly in 1848, in which he sat amongst the legitimists. His principal work is a translation of, with an essay upon, the philosophy of Schelling, with miscellaneous productions, which obtained for their author a seat in the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres. He died in 1857.—J. F. C.
BARCIA, André Gonzales de, a learned Spaniard, who lived at the commencement of the eighteenth century. He wrote on the history of Florida.
BARCIONENSIS, Johannes Franciscus, a native of Barcelona, who lived in the fifteenth century, and wrote a historical work on the kings of Spain, &c.—J. F. W.
BARCKHAUSEN or BARCHUSEN, John Conrad, a German physician, was born at Horn on 16th March, 1666, and died on 1st October, 1723. After studying at Berlin, Mayence, and Vienna, where he devoted his attention specially to chemistry and pharmacy, he travelled in Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Greece. He was afterwards chosen professor of chemistry in the university of Utrecht in Holland, where he obtained his degree of doctor of medicine. He published several pharmaceutical and chemical works. Moench has dedicated a genus of composite plants to him, under the name of Barkhausia.—J. H. B.
BARCLAY, afterwards BARCLAY-ALLARDICE, Robert, of Ury and Allardice, celebrated in the earlier part of his life for his pedestrian achievements, was born at Ury, August 25, 1779. He was a lineal descendant of the apologist of the Quakers. In his declining years he devoted much time and money to agricultural pursuits; and the annual sale at Ury for many years attracted eminent agriculturists from all parts of the kingdom. He died at Ury, May 8, 1854, in his 75th year.—T. F.
BARCLAY, Alexander, a writer in prose and verse, who was born in Scotland at the close of the fourteenth century. After travelling on the continent and acquiring proficiency in foreign languages, he took orders; and through various stages rose at last to be vicar of All Saints, Lombard Street, and one of Queen Mary's chaplains. He died in 1552. His principal works are, "The Ship of Fools," partly original, but chiefly translated from the German of Sebastian Brandt, 1508; "The Castle of Labour," an allegorical poem, 1506; "The Mirror of Good Manners," &c., &c.—J. B.
BARCLAY, George, a Scottish gentleman, and a partisan of James II., lived in the second half of the seventeenth century. In 1696 he was the chief mover in a plot for seizing the person of the prince of Orange. The plot was discovered, and Barclay made his escape; but his accomplices were executed.
BARCLAY, Henry, an American divine, who assisted in the translation of the liturgy into the Mohawk language, printed in 1769. He graduated at Yale college, was ordained in England, and after spending some years as a missionary among the Mohawk indians, became rector of Trinity church, New York. Died in 1765.—J. S., G.
BARCLAY, John, born in 1582, at Pont á Mousson in Lorraine, was educated at the jesuit college in his native town, where his father, who was a native of Scotland (see William Barclay), occupied the chair of law. The jesuits observing the talents of the young man, endeavoured to attach him to their order; but his father opposing this design, a quarrel ensued, and in 1603 both father and son repaired to England and paid court to James I.; but their adherence to the Roman Catholic faith stood in the way of then promotion. Barclay's works are of a miscellaneous character. The most famous of them, entitled "Argênis," is a political romance, which long maintained a high popularity, and has been commended, both for matter and style, by some of the highest literary authorities. Barclay died at Rome in 1621, before he had completed his fortieth year.—J. D. E.
BARCLAY, John, a Scotch physician, who in the year 1614 published a work in praise of the tobacco-plant, entitled "Nepenthes, sen de nicotianæ herbæ viribus."—J. H. B.
BARCLAY, John, a Presbyterian clergyman, founder of a small sect in Scotland, called Bereans—an appellation assumed by them from their habit of supporting their doctrines by a reference to the words of Scripture, like the Bereans commended in the Acts of the Apostles xvii. 10. Mr. Barclay was born at Muthill in Perthshire, in 1734, and studied at the university of St. Andrews, where he took the degree of A.M. At this period the church of Scotland was agitated by a controversy respecting the theological opinions of Dr. Archibald Campbell, professor of church history in St. Andrews, who was accused of Socinianism, because he maintained "that the knowledge of the existence of God was derived from revelation, not from nature." Though differing widely from the professor on other points, Barclay became one of his most zealous supporters, and adhered through life to this controverted dogma, which, indeed, held an important place in his peculiar religious creed. Having passed through the usual curriculum, Barclay was, on the 27th Sept., 1759, licensed as a preacher of the gospel by the far-famed presbytery of Auchterarder, and became assistant to Mr. Jobson, parish minister of Errol, near Perth; but, owing to a difference of opinion on theological points, a rupture took place between them, and their connection was dissolved. In 1763 Barclay became assistant to Mr. Dow, minister of Fettercairn, in the presbytery of Fordoun, Mearns, where he continued to labour for nine years. He was a faithful and zealous pastor, and as he possessed a luxuriant fancy, with a vehement manner of delivery, his popularity as a preacher was very great, and he attracted crowds of hearers from neighbouring parishes. But his constitutional impetuosity of character, combined with his peculiar theological tenets, soon involved him in controversy. In 1766 he published a paraphrase of a portion of the psalms, with a preliminary dissertation, in which he affirmed, that in all the psalms which are in the first person, the speaker is Christ, not David; and that in the others, the situation of the church, oppressed or triumphant, is portrayed. These sentiments gave offence to the presbytery, which was aggravated by the acrimony with which Barclay defended his obnoxious views, both from the pulpit and through the press. On the death of Mr. Dow in 1772, another person was appointed his successor, in opposition to the wishes of the parishioners, mainly through the influence of the presbytery, who, it is alleged, were jealous of his great popularity, and carried their dislike to Mr. Barclay so far as to refuse him the necessary testimonials for obtaining a living elsewhere. Their decision was approved of by the General Assembly, to which Mr. Barclay appealed. On this he left the communion of the Established Church, and founded the sect called Bereans, or Barclayites, of which a few congregations still exist. He was ordained at Newcastle, October 12, 1773, by some presbyterian ministers belonging to the north of England, and in 1774 he settled in Edinburgh, where he remained for three years. He afterwards preached in London and Bristol, and other places in England. His death took place suddenly at Edinburgh on the
