BARILI, Antonio de' Neri, and his son Domenico, Italian sculptors and architects, employed between 1485 and 1511 to work for the cathedral of Sienna, their native town.—R. M.
BARILLETTO, François, a Venetian gondolier, lived probably about the middle of the seventeenth century. Author of some poems.
BARILLÈRE, a French publisher, in the commencement of the seventeenth century. Wrote a work on the internal navigation of France.
BARILLON, Jean, a French historian; died in 1553. He left an unpublished history of the first seven years of the reign of Francis I.
BARING, Alexander, first Lord Ashburton, was the second son of Sir Francis Baring, Bart., an eminent London merchant (whom see below), by Harriet, cousin and co-heir to the late Archbishop (Herring) of Canterbury, and was born in 1774. He was actively engaged in early life in the service of his mercantile house in the United States and elsewhere, and thus laid the foundation of his subsequent usefulness. He sat in the liberal interest for Taunton, Collington, and Thetford, in various parliaments between 1812 and 1832, when he was chosen for North Essex, as a moderate conservative, his political opinions having undergone a considerable change. He held the post of master of the Mint and president of the Board of Trade under Sir R. Peel's short administration of 1834-5, on whose retirement from office Mr. Baring was raised to the peerage as Lord Ashburton—a title which had once been enjoyed by the celebrated John Dunning, who had married one of the Baring family. In the House of Lords he supported the policy of Sir R. Peel, who in 1842 sent him as special commissioner to the United States, to settle some disputes which threatened to involve England in a war with America. He was also one of the first noblemen who saw the commercial and social benefits of the penny-post system, when first proposed by Mr. Rowland Hill in 1837, and took an active part in carrying that measure through the House of Peers. He died at Longleat, Wilts, May 13, 1848.—E. W.
BARING, Daniel-Eberhard, a German historian, born 1690; died 1753; author of an essay on the ecclesiastical and literary history of Hanover.
BARING, Everard, a learned German, born at Lubec in 1608; died in 1659. He passed a great portion of his life in the army; afterwards he became tutor to the princes Ernest-Augustus and John Frederick of Brunswick. He edited part of the Iliad of Homer, for the use of schools.
BARING, Sir Francis, Bart., an eminent London merchant, financier, and capitalist, and the founder of the great commercial house of Barings & Co., was born in 1740. He was the third son of John Baring, Esq., of Larkbear, near Exeter, many years M.P. for that city, and grandson of a Lutheran clergyman at Bremen. He was an East India director, and in that capacity rendered great services to the East India Company. He was also largely interested in government loans, by which he realized an immense fortune in the important political crises of 1797 and 1806. He was raised to the baronetage in 1793, and died September 12, 1810, leaving behind him realized and landed property to the extent of above two millions sterling, and having laid the foundations of a mercantile business scarcely, if at all, inferior to the house of the Rothschilds.—E. W.
* BARING, Francis Thornhill, the Right Honourable Sir, Bart., eldest son of the late Sir Thomas Baring, and grandson of Sir Francis Baring (whom see), was born in 1796, and graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, as a double first-class in 1817. He was afterwards called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and was elected member for Portsmouth in 1826. He has been successively a lord of the Treasury, joint secretary to the Treasury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, during the latter part of Lord Melbourne's administration. He was also first lord of the Admiralty during part of Lord John Russell's government of 1846-52. He continued to represent Portsmouth, without interruption, to the close of the session of 1865.—E. W.
* BARING, Thomas, M.P. for Huntingdon, next brother of the Right Hon. F. T. Baring, Bart.,(whom see), was born in 1800. In 1843 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the city of London, but was chosen in the following year for Huntingdon; which borough he has continued to represent down to the present (1865). In political views he is opposed to his brother; but his reputation rests more upon his great ability as a capitalist and financier, which induced the earl of Derby to offer to his acceptance the chancellorship of the Exchequer in 1852. He was chairman of the committee of inquiry into the working of the government of the East India Company, upon whose report the modifications in its administration were introduced in 1853. He is understood to be the chief working manager of the great commercial house to which we have already alluded in the preceding articles. In February. 1858, he was chosen to present the petition of the court of directors against Lord Palmerston's proposed bill for abolishing the existing government of the East India Company.—E. W.
* BARING, William Bingham, second Lord Ashburton, eldest son of the first lord by a daughter of W. Bingham, Esq., of Philadelphia, U.S., was born in 1799. He sat for many years in the House of Commons as member for Thetford, Callington, Winchester, and North Staffordshire, and was secretary to the Board of Control, 1841-45, and paymaster-general of the forces and treasurer of the navy, 1845-46. He succeeded to the peerage on his father's death in 1848, and has taken an active part in the promotion of the education of the middle classes in art and science.—E. W.
BARIOL or BARJILIS, Elias, a Provençal poet, lived about the middle of the twelfth century.
BARISANUS or BARISONE, a sculptor in bronze, during the 12th century, in Italy. Of his works two only are known to us, the bronze gates of the cathedral of Trani, and those of the cathedral of Monreale. They are amongst the earliest specimens of raised reliefs applied to such decoration; similar gates of anterior date having only niello-traced representations upon their surface.—R. M.
BARISON, king of Sardinia, lived in the second half of the twelfth century. In 1164, being then lord of Arborea, he attempted, under favour of the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa, to establish his title to the kingdom, newly wrested from the Saracens by some Pisan nobles with whom he was connected; but having been advanced money by the Genoese, he was seized in the midst of his success by his impatient creditors, and cast into prison, where he died.—J. S., G.
BARJAC, Gabriel, a Genoese theologian of the second half of the sixteenth century, author of "Introductio in artem Jesuiticam," &c., 1599.
BARJAC, Pierre de, a French Provençal poet, lived about the middle of the twelfth century.
BARJAUD, Jean-Baptiste-Benoit, born at Montlucon in 1785; died in 1813. He evinced great taste for poetry, and wrote several comedies and poems. He entered the army in 1812, distinguished himself at Bautzen, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Leipzig in 1813.
BARKAB-KHAN I., called also Barbacan, chief of a horde of Kharizmians, who appeared in Palestine about the year 1243, and in 1244 effected the conquest of Jerusalem. In conjunction with the forces of the Ayubite sultan of Egypt, Nojm-ed-Deen, Barbacan and his followers, shortly after the reduction of the holy city, obtained a great victory over the three military orders at Gaza. He was slain in a battle with the troops of the sultan in 1246.—J. S., G.
BARKAH-KHAN II., Mogul sovereign of Kapchak, succeeded his brother Batu in 1255. He adopted the Mohammedan faith early in his reign; but devoted the remainder of it in the manner of his ancestors, to predatory excursions. In one of these he ravaged Lithuania and subjected the inhabitants to a capitation tax. In 1264 he invaded the territories of his kinsman Abaka, Mogul Khan of Persia, and was repulsed with loss, but resumed the campaign in the following year, and had advanced triumphantly as far as Teflis, when he was surprised by death in the midst of preparations for a general engagement.—J. S., G.
BARKER, George, F.R.S., of Springfield, Birmingham, a zealous supporter of all the charitable institutions of Birmingham, and an industrious promoter of science. The Philosophical Society of that town owes its birth, in 1806, to his exertions and influence. He was a distinguished botanist, and was elected F.R.S. in 1839. He died Dec. 6, 1845, in his 70th year.—T. F.
BARKER, Robert, an Irish painter, born in 1739; died, 1806; the first artist who produced the kind of scenic pictures called Panorama.—R. M.
BARKER, Samuel, an English painter of flowers and fruits, pupil of Vanderbanck, and a close imitator of Baptist; died, 1729.—R. M.
