as a controversialist also procured him, after his patron's death, Lady Moyer's lectureship, in connection with which he delivered, and afterwards published, eight sermons, under the title of "An Historical Account of the Trinitarian controversy." The merit of his work was recognized by the provost of Eton, who gave him a fellowship in that college. In 1730 he was appointed to the Boyle lectureship, and published his sermons in 1733. They state the evidence of the Christian religion from the Old Testament, and vindicate the Christian interpretation of ancient prophecy. Dr. Berriman died in 1750. His son, the Rev. John Berriman, who was born in 1689 also held Lady Moyer's lectureship, and published in 1741 "Eight Sermons," in which he gave an account of above a hundred Greek MSS. of St. Paul's epistles, many of which had not been before collected. He also published his father's sermons, under the title of "Christian Doctrines and Duties explained and recommended."—J. B.
BERRUGUETTE, Alonso, painter, sculptor, and architect, was born at Paredes de Nava in Old Castile about 1480. His father and brother-in-law were both painters. He was trained up to become an escribano in a government office at Valladolid, but, on his father's death, went to Florence to study under Michel Angelo. There he competed with Da Vinci in copying the battle of Pisa, and with Sansovino in modelling the Laocoon for Bramante, completing for the nuns of St. Jerome one of Lippi's unfinished altar-pieces. He was also an intimate friend of Bandinelli and Andrea del Sarto. In 1520 he returned to Spain, working at churches in Huesca and Zaragoza, and honoured by Charles V., who gave him a chamberlain's key. He also spent six years on the high altar of the church of St. Benedict at Valladolid. His rarest works were the choir at Toledo, and a tomb at Valencia. When nearly dead he planned a monument of the archbishop Tavera, one of his finest achievements. He died rich and famous in 1561. His architecture is rather florid and plateresque, his sculpture a little overdone, but he brought oil painting to a perfection before unknown.—W. T.
BERRUYER, Joseph-Isaac, born at Rouen, 1681; died 1758. He was professor of humanity for a long time among the jesuits. In 1728 he published a work entitled "Une Histoire du peuple de Dieu," which owed its celebrity to the discussion it gave rise to between the jesuits and secular clergy.
BERRY, John, an English admiral, born in 1635; died 14th February, 1691. He entered first into the merchant service, but during one of his voyages was taken prisoner, and conveyed to Spain. In 1661 he embarked on board the Swallow, bound for the West Indies, in company with two frigates which were lost in a storm in the Gulf of Florida. Having fallen in with a corsair near the coast of Saint Domingo, the captain of the Swallow hesitated to attack it, because it was better manned, and carried a superior number of guns; but Berry, who acted as lieutenant, shut up the captain in his cabin, and assuming the command of the vessel, captured the corsair and carried it to Jamaica. For this breach of discipline he was tried by a court-martial, but was acquitted, and soon after returned to England, at the time when the war between that country and Holland had broken out afresh. Berry was now intrusted with the command of a vessel ordered for the East Indies, but touching at Barbadoes, he was directed to take the command of a squadron sent to protect Nevis, which was then threatened by the French, who had already seized on St. Christopher's, Antigua, and Montserrat. From the Antilles Berry sailed for the Mediterranean. At the engagement of Souzwold bay he did signal service, by extricating the duke of York from the vessels of the enemy, which had nearly surrounded him. For his courage and conduct on this occasion, he was rewarded with the title of baronet. He afterwards saved the life of the royal duke a second time, while he was conveying him to Scotland on board the Gloucester, which through the negligence of a pilot had run aground at the mouth of the Humber. In 1683 he was intrusted by Lord Dartmouth with the command of a squadron sent to bombard Tangier. His death, which occurred shortly after, is supposed to have been occasioned by poison.—G. M.
BERRY, Mary, an amiable and accomplished lady, who owes her celebrity chiefly to the friendship which she formed with Horace Walpole in the latter years of his life, born in 1762; died in 1852. Walpole, in his letters to the countess of Ossory, speaks of Mary and her sister in terms of lavish admiration, and indeed entertained for the former as much tenderness as the heart of a veteran gallant was capable of feeling. He even proposed that she should assume the title of Lady Orford. She published in 1810 a collection of letters, chiefly those addressed to Walpole by Madame du Deffand; a volume of miscellanies, 1830; and Walpole's letters to her sister and herself.—J. S., G.
BERRY, William, an ingenious Scotch artist, born in 1730, was apprenticed to a seal-engraver in Edinburgh, and acquired an unrivalled skill in the execution of intaglios. A head of Sir Isaac Newton, which was the first of his performances in this line, attracted great attention, and some others, to the number of ten or twelve, were equally meritorious; but the demand for them was so limited, that the artist prudently restricted himself to the less artistic, but more lucrative branches of his art. He died poor in 1783.—J. S., G.
BERRY or BERRI, the name of a province in France, borne by many princes of the royal family. Of these the following are among the most remarkable:—
Berry, Jean de France, duc de, count of Poiton, of Macon, of Etampes, of Auvergne, and of Boulogne, peer of France, &c., born 30th November, 1340; died 15th June, 1416. He was third son of Jean II., king of France, and of Bonne of Luxemburg, He made his first essay in arms at the age of sixteen, at the battle of Poitiers, in which he distinguished himself by his bravery. In 1359 he was appointed lieutenant of the king for Languedoc, where he rendered himself infamous by his oppressions and misgovernment. He was one of the hostages delivered to England by the treaty of Bretigny, in 1360; but in the following year, being permitted to return on parole to his domains, he married Jeanne, daughter of the count d'Armagnac. In 1364 he returned to London; he recovered his liberty in 1367, and, entering into the service of Charles V., fought with success against the English. In 1384 his extortions and cruelty drove the peasants of Auvergne, Poiton, and Aquitaine into open rebellion; but these undisciplined hordes were soon crushed by the army sent against them by the duke. In the meantime Charles VI., on learning the enormities that had been committed in his name, ordered Bethisac, the principal agent of the royal lieutenant, to be burned, and stripped the duke of his authority, in which, however, he reinstated him two years afterwards. In 1405 the duc de Berry, then governor of the capital, became involved in the troubles arising out of the murder of the Rue Barbette; and, having taken part with the faction of Armagnac against that of Burgundy, he quitted Paris and shut himself up in the town of Bourges. Here he was besieged by the king's troops; and, being forced to capitulate, he retired to Paris, where, at the Hotel de Nesle, he terminated his inglorious career in indigence and neglect. His character, notwithstanding the vices and irregularities of his life, has been partly redeemed in the estimation of posterity, by the impulse which he gave to literature and the fine arts. To his taste and munificence we are indebted for the grand portal of the cathedral of Bourges, the palace la Sainte Chapelle, the chateaux de concressant of Mehun-sur-Yevre, and many sumptuous edifices with which he adorned Poitiers. In his celebrated hotels de Bicetre and de Nesle were accumulated treasures of art such as France had never before seen. He left also a valuable collection of manuscripts, which have ever been esteemed an inexhaustible mine for the researches of the learned antiquarian. A superb statue of white marble, taken from his collection, still adorns his last resting-place in the crypt of the cathedral of Bourges.
Berry, Charles, duc de, of Normandy and Guienne, born 28th December, 1446; died 24th or 28th May, 1472. He was the second son of Charles VII., and the youngest of twelve children of that sovereign by his marriage with Marie of Anjou. The dissatisfaction of Charles with his eldest son led him at last to adopt, and even openly to announce his resolution to disinherit the dauphin, and transfer the succession and the crown to the younger brother. The sudden death of the king, which took place 22nd July, 1461, prevented this measure from being carried into effect, and the dauphin accordingly mounted the throne under the title of Louis XI. The young prince seeing himself thus shut out from an inheritance which he had been accustomed to regard as his in reversion, passed his whole life in bitter though fruitless hostility against his brother, who, nevertheless, by one of the first acts of his reign, conferred on him the duchy of Berry, and allowed him a pension adequate to the maintenance of his rank. Charles, however, would be satisfied with nothing less than the crown, and with a view to wrest-
