BOLLA, Barthelemy, an Italian poet, born at Bergamo in the sixteenth century. His compositions are of the class called macaronic, a species of burlesque consisting of a melange of words of different languages, with the common words Latinized. His work, entitled "Nova novorum novissima," though the title-page promises a most alarming amount of cachinnation, may still be read without any very great peril. The book, however, has become very rare, and still rarer is another work by the same author, "Thesaurus proverbiorum italo-bergemascorum," which has hitherto eluded the search of the most active collectors. His burlesque eulogium on cheese is to be found in the curious collection of Dornarius, Amphitheatrum Supilutiæ Socraticæ: Hanau, 1619 or 1670.—J. G.
BOLLANDUS, Johannes, born at Tillemont in the Low Countries in 1596; died in 1665. Bollandus was a jesuit, and is known as being the first to whom was intrusted the execution of Rosweide's plan of publishing, from manuscripts in the Dutch libraries, the Lives of the Saints. Rosweide had scarcely announced the project when he died in 1629. Bollandus then undertook the task, and in concert with Henschen set to work in earnest. In 1643 the "Lives of the Saints," whose festivals occur in January, appeared in two folio volumes; in 1658 those of February followed in three volumes. Bollandus had commenced March, when he died in 1665. The work was interrupted by the abolition of the order of jesuits; was resumed and again interrupted by the French invasion of 1794, and again resumed. The last volume was published so lately as 1853, and it may give some notion of the great scale on which the work is executed, when the reader is told that this volume—an enormous folio—is the eighth of the saints, whose festivals fall in October, and only goes to the middle of that month. Besides his portion of the "Acta Sanctorum," he published some poems and sermons, translated some French and Italian books, and, in connection with Tollemar and Henschen, published the work entitled "Imago primi sæculi Societatis Jesu."—J. A., D.
BOLLANDUS or VAN BOLLANDT, Sebastian, a Franciscan friar, born at Maestricht, edited the Historica, Theologica et Moralis Terræ Sanctæ Elucidatio of Quaresmius, and the Golden Sermons of Pierre Aux-Bœufs. Died in 1645.
* BOLLEY, Pompejus, a distinguished living Swiss chemist, born at Zindelberg on the 7th of May, 1812. He was first professor of chemistry at the school of Aarau, and at present occupies the same position in the polytechnic school of Zurich. Bolley has devoted himself principally to technological chemistry, especially the chemistry of colours, on which he is one of the first authorities in Europe. He has also proposed a new areometer scale, which is considered by many to be far preferable to that of Baumé, generally in use. His writings are not numerous, but for the most part of great value. The most important is his "Manual of Technical Analysis," of which an improved English translation has been published by H. G. Bohn. Dr. Bolley has edited the Schweizerisches Gewerbeblatt; and since 1856 he has published the Schweiz. Polytechnisches Zeitschrift, in conjunction with J. H. Kronauer.—W. S. D.
BOLLMAN, Erich, born at Hoya in Hanover in 1770; educated at Göttingen, where he received his medical degree, and settled at Paris in 1792 as a physician. Immediately after the outbreak of August 10th in that year, he was engaged by madame de Staël to effect the escape of Count Narbonne, which he accomplished with skill and address. Two years afterwards, he undertook to release Lafayette from his imprisonment in Austria, being employed for that purpose by Lafayette's friends in London. He first ascertained, with much difficulty, that the place of imprisonment was the fortress of Olmütz in Moravia. He then engaged the help of young Francis K. Huger of South Carolina, whom he accidentally met in Vienna, to effect the rescue, having opened a communication with the prisoner through his physician, and learned that he was every day taken out for an airing with a small escort. On the day agreed upon. Bollman and Huger met the riding party, deceived and drove off the guard, and set Lafayette free; but through an unfortunate mistake in their arrangements, the three were immediately separated from each other. Lafayette was recaptured three days afterwards, and the two friends also were taken into custody. But they were liberated after an imprisonment of eight months, and Bollman then went to America, where ten years afterwards, he was engaged in the wild enterprise of Aaron Burr. He published some tracts on subjects connected with the currency and the theories of political economy, and died at Kingston, Jamaica, in 1821. He was a man of great hardihood and love of adventure, but of a noble spirit.—F. B.
BOLOGNA, Antonio. This nobleman, from Palermo, or as some pretend, from Bologna, flourished at the beginning of the 15th century. He was presented with the citizenship of Naples by Alphonsos I. of Aragon, who in 1449 made him one of his privy council, president of the royal chamber, and poet laureate. He was sent by that magnificent patron of literature to the republic of Venice, for the purpose of obtaining an arm of Titus Livius. Bologna left five books of lectures, poetry, and discourses, which were published at Venice in the year 1554.—A. C. M.
BOLOGNA, Giovanni Battista, a Latin poet, born in Milan, lived in the first half of the seventeenth century. He at first studied law, but afterwards abandoned every serious pursuit, and attempted the life of his father. Author of "Corona Poetarum," Milan, 1616; and "Ratio de attentato ut dicebatur, parricidio, ac de somniata dementia," ibid., 1619, 4to.—J. G.
BOLOGNA, Lattanzio de, a pupil of the enervating Caracci, went to Rome where he was employed by Sixtus V. to work at a ceiling in the palace of St. John Lateran. He painted an "Angelical Choir" in St. Maria Maggiore, and a "Scourging of our Saviour" in the St. Maria di Monti. Died young in 1597.—W. T.
BOLOGNE, Pierre de, a French lyric poet, born at Martinique about 1706; died at Angouleme about 1789. His poetry is distinguished by its purity, elegance, and harmony, and the natural easy flow of its versification. Author of "Amusements d'un Septuagénaire," odes, and miscellaneous poems.
BOLOGNESE. See Grimaldi.
BOLOGNI, Girolamo, born at Treviso on the 26th of March, 1454. This celebrated Latin poet, who in his early youth practised as a barrister, took his degree of LL.D., and was admitted a member of the college of jurists in 1475. Although married, and the father of many children, he entered the church, and took the first orders in 1479. His life was embittered by many misfortunes, and Valeriano numbers him amongst the most unhappy literary men of Italy. For many years he supervised the editions of the classics published at Treviso by Michele Manzolo, and wrote all the prefaces, some of which are in verse. Having dedicated to Frederick III., emperor of Austria, a poem entitled "Mediolanum, sive Itinerarium Hieronymi Bononii senioris poetæ Tarvisini carmen epicum," he was crowned by that sovereign poet laureate. He wrote also a Latin dissertation "On the territory and illustrious men of Treviso," and left a collection of poetical compositions in twenty books, of which, however, nothing is published but the poem of "Antenor." His death took place at Treviso on the 23rd of September, 1517.—A. C. M.
BOLOGNINI, Angelo, an eminent Italian surgeon of the early part of the sixteenth century, was born, according to some writers, in the neighbourhood of Padua, and according to others in Bologna. All are agreed that he was for some years professor of surgery at Bologna; according to Alidori, this was from 1508 to 1517, and in the latter year he is said to have retired to Padua, and to have devoted the rest of his life to private practice. He has left a surgical treatise entitled "De Cura Ulcerum Exteriorum," &c., published at Bologna in 1514, republished there in 1516, at Basle in 1536, and at Zurich in 1555. It contains far sounder views upon the treatment of wounds and ulcers than are to be met with in the writings of Bolognini's contemporaries. He is said to have been the first to adopt the practice of friction with mercurial ointment.—W. S. D.
BOLOGNINI, Giovanni Battista, a Bolognese painter and engraver, born in 1611. He became one of Guido's best pupils. His best church pictures in his native town were a "Virgin and Child with Saints," at St. Maria Nuova; a "Dead Christ" in the church of the Servi, and an "Immaculate Conception" in the St. Lucia. He also etched some plates after Guido in a vivacious, flimsy way (his impressions not being of the strongest). He died in 1688. Bolognini, Giacomo, his nephew, born in 1664, became a reasonable, religious, and historical painter. Bolognini, Carlo, a painter of the same period, perhaps of the same family, born at Bologna in 1678; died in 1718. He studied under Aldrovandini and Paradosso. He excelled in fresco, architecture, and perspective, and was much employed in Vienna, where he died.—W. T.
BOLSWERT, Boetius Adam, the great masculine engraver.
