cation of these poems he was named professor of history in the college of Pedro II. The third series of poems, "Ultimos Cantos," appeared in 1850, and shortly afterwards the author received a scientific mission to visit the countries on the banks of the Amazon. He had previously shown his fitness for such a work by an interesting disquisition on the migration of Indian tribes, prefixed to his edition of Berredo. From the year 1851 he has been attached to the Brazilian ministry of foreign affairs, and in 1855 was despatched to Europe on a scientific mission. Besides the works above named, he is the author of a dramatic poem, "Leonor de Mendonça," and of various memoirs in the Transactions of the Geographical and Historical Institute of Brazil, among others that entitled "Brazil e Oceania." His works have been recently published at Dresden.—F. M. W.
DIAS, Baltasar, a Portuguese poet, born in the island of Madeira in the early part of the sixteenth century. He was blind from his birth, came to Portugal, and probably died at Lisbon in the reign of Don Sebastian. He is chiefly known by his "Autos Sacramentales," corresponding somewhat to our old mystery plays. Among them are—"El rey Salamon;" "La Pasion;" "San Alejo;" "Santa Catalina." Others are of a very different character—such as "Auto da Malicia das Mulheres" (Women's Wickedness); "Conselho para bem cazar" (Advice how to marry well); and a tragedy taken from the old Romancero General, the subject being the marquis of Mantua and the Emperor Charlemagne.—F. M. W.
DIAZ, Bartolomao, a distinguished Portuguese navigator, is said by some biographers to have belonged to a noble family of Algarves, and, early distinguished by his geographical knowledge, to have been a correspondent of Martin Behaim. We find him in 1486 a knight of the household of that enterprising monarch, John II. of Portugal, and despatched in the August of the same year on a voyage of discovery to the African coast. Prester John was the avowed object of his search; and about the same time an expedition was sent to discover, by a land exploration, the locale of the mysterious monarch. Diaz set sail with two caravels of fifty tons each, and a store-ship. Proceeding southwards along the western coast of Africa, he reached at Cape Negro the farthest point attained by any previous voyager, and then dashed boldly forward with his slight craft into the unknown ocean. It was six years before the date of Columbus' first voyage, and ten before Vasco de Gama's voyage round the Cape to India. Steering due south, he found no land, and was equally unsuccessful when his course led him towards the east. At last trying northward, he passed the Cape without knowing it, and despite the murmurs of his crews, proceeded as far as the mouth of the Great Fish River. Compelled most unwillingly to return, he now first discovered the southern headland of the African continent, and reaching it in stormy weather, he bestowed on it the designation of "Cabo Tormentoso," according to some—"Cabo de todos los Tormientos," according to others—a name or names which John II. genially exchanged for that still borne by the famous promontory. Diaz arrived at Lisbon in the December of 1487, after a voyage of a little more than sixteen months. The discoverer of the Cape of Good Hope, though not of Prester John, seems to have been neglected at home, and when he reappears, in connection with Vasco de Gama's first voyage, it is in command of a simple caravel, and with a semi-commercial object; nor did he proceed much farther than the Cape de Verde islands. Four years later, he was appointed to the command of one of the twelve or thirteen ships, which, under Cabral, made the Portuguese discovery of Brazil on their way to the Cape. The voyage from the coast of Brazil to the Cape was a stormy one, and as Cabral neared the Cape, four of his vessels foundered, 20th May, 1500; one of them was that commanded by Diaz, who was never seen or heard of more. Camoens, in his great epic, has put into the mouth of the Genius of the Cape a striking allusion to the fate of Diaz, punished, as it were, for his first and daring passage of it.—F. E.
DIAZ, Francisco, a Dominican friar, was born at Toro in Castile, and went to the Philippines as a missionary in 1632. Thence he went to China, where, for some years, he preached christianity with great success; but his zeal exciting the anger of the population, he was killed by a stone thrown at him in a tumult on the 4th November, 1646. He wrote a catechism of christian doctrine in Chinese, and various other books connected with his missionary work.—F. M. W.
DIAZ, DIEZ, or DIES, Gasparo, surnamed the Portuguese Raphael, a most expressive, careful, and attractive painter of the sixteenth century, is said to have studied under Raphael and Michelangelo in Rome. On his return to Lisbon he was employed by the then King Juan III. to paint for the chapel of St. Roch, and other churches. His countrymen were very proud, and justly so, of his performances, and thought him equal, if not superior, to all the most celebrated artists.—R. M.
DIAS, Gomes, a Portuguese historian, born at Evora in 1536; studied, and for many years taught theology there, and was afterwards prior of the church of Alcochete. He wrote an important work on the history of military orders.—F. M. W
DIAZ, Juan Martin, a native of Spain, who lived in the first half of the sixteenth century. Whilst pursuing his studies at Paris he chanced to light on some of the writings of Luther, the perusal of which brought him over to the reformed faith. After completing his education he visited Calvin at Geneva, and having gone to Neuberg, was followed thither by his brother Alphonsus, who, being a violent catholic, was desirous of recalling him to his first religion. Finding his efforts unavailing, he caused Juan to be assassinated, and soon after died by his own hand.—R. M., A.
DIAS, Manoel, a Portuguese jesuit missionary, who went out to India in 1585, but in the straits of Madagascar the vessel was shipwrecked, and Dias with the bishop of Japan escaped to the coast of Sofala, only to fall into slavery. After the lapse of a year or more they contrived to leave their captivity, and reached the Portuguese settlement of Goa. Here he entered on his missionary work, and subsequently went to China, in furtherance of the same objects, with Father Valignan, and was placed at the head of the college at Macao. He went to Nankin, remained there some time engaged in missionary labours, and died at Macao, 10th July, 1639. We have from his pen a series of letters, 1618-1629, and a letter from Pekin, published at Rome in 1602.—F. M. W.
DIAS, Miguel, a companion and faithful adherent of Columbus, found himself alcade of the citadel of San Domingo when Bobadilla arrived to depose the great admiral. Miguel and another composed the whole garrison, Bobadilla's strenuous assault upon which covered the victorious assailant with ridicule. He was appointed, by Diego Columbus, governor of Porto Rico, was disgraced; and subsequently restored to his functions in 1512, but did not long live to re-enjoy them.—F. E.
DIAS CAMARGO, Antonio, thought to be a Portuguese half-breed, survives as the first explorer of the Brazilian province of Minas.—F. E.
DIAS De Novaes, Paulo, grandson of Bartolomao, had in 1560 been employed by the Portuguese government on political and commercial missions to the western coast of Africa, where it was desirous of extending its relations and possessions. In 1574 he was appointed governor of the Portuguese settlements in Angola, and there he founded St. Paul de Loanda, distinguishing himself by his successful cultivation of the arts both of war and peace. He died in 1589.—F. E.
DIBDIN, Charles, one of the most popular and prolific of English song-writers, was born at Southampton on the 15th of March, 1745. His parentage was respectable, and he was sent to Winchester to be educated with a view to the church, but the early development of a strong passion for music gave his career a very different direction. He sang anthems at Winchester cathedral, figured among the vocalists at Winchester concerts, and at fifteen gladly accepted an invitation from a sailor-brother (the "Tom Bowling" of his famous song) to repair to London. Very soon after his arrival in the great metropolis, his brother sailed for India, and the young vocalist was thrown upon the world. From tuning harpsichords he proceeded, under the pressure of necessity, to the composition of a few songs, which were successful, and the course of his life was henceforth determined. At sixteen, he had the satisfaction of seeing and hearing performed at Covent Garden, an operatic interlude of which both the words and music were his own—"The Shepherd's Pastoral." Presently he became actor and vocalist as well as composer, appearing in 1768 as the original Mungo of his own "Padlock." Two of his most popular operettas, "The Waterman," and "The Quaker," belong to the decade between 1770 and 1780. Dibdin seems to have been unfortunate in his relations with managers, and not to have realized money in proportion to the great success of many of the compositions which flowed with persistency from his fertile pen. Accordingly, in 1782, the
