by his gallantry at the Alma, as well as in the attack of the Russians on October 26th, and at the battle of Inkermann; and on his return to England, invalided, early in the following year, he received a vote of thanks from the houses of parliament. He was created K.C.B. in 1838, and G.C.B. and honorary D.C.L. of Oxford, in 1855.—E. W.
EVANS, Evan, a Welsh divine, was born about 1730, and died in 1790. He gave much attention to the literature of Wales, and published in 1764 a book entitled "Dissertatio de Bardis, or specimens of ancient Welsh poetry, with notes and annotations." He wrote several other works.—R. M., A.
EVANS, John, D.D., an eminent divine, author of the "Christian Temper," one of the best practical books on that subject in any language. He was born at Wrexham in 1680, and became minister there in 1702. Soon afterwards Dr. D. Williams invited him to London, and he became co-pastor and successor of that learned and able man. He wrote the "Commentary on Romans," left unfinished by Matthew Henry, and was engaged some years in preparing a "History of Nonconformity, from the Reformation to the Civil Wars." By his death, however, in 1730, that work devolved on Daniel Neal. Dr. Doddridge reckons his sermons and his "Notes on Romans" among the best works of the kind then published.—J. A., L.
EVANS, John Harrington, M.A., was born at Salisbury in 1785, and died at Stonehaven in 1849. Mr. Evans was the only child of Dr. Evans, then master of the Salisbury grammar-school. He received his early education under his father's care, went to Oxford, and became a fellow of Wadham college. He afterwards took the curacy of Milford, where his views on christian doctrine underwent a great change, and at length he left the established church. In 1818 he commenced preaching in John Street, London, in a chapel built for him by Mr. Henry Drummond. Here for upwards of thirty years he laboured, one of the most humble, spiritual, useful men of his time.—J. A., L.
EVANS, Oliver, a distinguished American mechanist, born near Philadelphia in 1755; died at New York in 1811. In spite of obstructions, which were sedulously thrown in his way by ignorant traders, he constructed and brought into use an engine which immensely facilitated the production of cotton; and he introduced improvements in the machinery of corn-mills, which, as soon as the clamours of ignorance subsided, were acknowledged to have given the inventor a title to the gratitude of his country. Evans is chiefly memorable, however, as the inventor of the high pressure steam-engine. He persisted, in spite of doubts popularly expressed as to his sanity, in proposing to apply steam to carriages as a locomotive power; and though it was not to have the effect of altogether removing these suspicions, he achieved his design. In 1800 he had the satisfaction of exhibiting a locomotive in action in the streets of Philadelphia. In that town Evans possessed a steam-mill and steam-factory; and he had large workshops at Pittsburg, which were destroyed by fire, the work of an incendiary.—J. S., G.
EVANSON, Edward, born at Warrington in Lancashire, April, 1731, was educated at Emmanuel college, Cambridge, where he took his degree of M.A. in 1753. He held successively the vicarage of South Mimms, near Barnet, and the rectory of Tewkesbury, with which was conjoined the vicarage of Longton. While settled at Tewkesbury, he propounded various opinions of a decidedly heterodox character, and, particularly in a sermon preached in 1771 on the doctrine of the resurrection, gave such offence to the more conscientious members of his congregation, as involved him in a lawsuit. He eventually resigned his livings, and, settling at Mitcham in Surrey, undertook the management of a boarding-school. His dissent from the principles of the Church of England gradually assumed the form of determined scepticism, each successive publication that he put forth breathing a more unscrupulous hostility to evangelical doctrine. He died September 25, 1805.—J. S., G.
EVARIC. See Euric.
EVELYN, John, an accomplished English gentleman, was born at his father's seat, Wotton, Surrey, October 31st, 1620, and was educated at the free school, at Lewes, Sussex, where he remained until sent to Balliol college, Oxford. From Oxford he went to London to be resident in the middle temple, but shortly after made a brief campaign as a volunteer in an English regiment then serving in Flanders. Returning to England, upon the breaking out of the civil war, he went, with horse and arms, to join Charles I., just after the battle of Brentford; but by reason of the army's marching to Gloucester, he was unable to remain more than a few days, considering that his absence would have left the family estates, near London, unprotected and exposed to ruin, without advantage to the royal cause. Evelyn returned to Wotton, his visit to the army undiscovered; and following the bent of his natural disposition, built a study, and made an island and some other pleasant nooks for solitude and retirement in his favourite gardens. Evelyn's character, indeed, was of that sweet, amiable, studious, and high-principled caste which unfitted him for the rough struggles of partisanship. Of a temper eminently gentle, he shrank from the hardships of those tyrannic measures, by which his own side was necessarily supported; and with a disposition singularly fair and just, he was averse to take advantage even of his opponents. Free from personal animosities, he felt that he could wait with patience until the inevitable battle was fought, when his time and opportunity for public service would arrive. Finding it impossible during his retirement at Wotton to evade the requirements of the parliament, he obtained from the king special permission to travel, and visited France and Italy; paying minute attention to the progress of natural philosophy, to which, beyond all other sciences, he was passionately addicted. At Paris he married Mary, the daughter of Sir R. Browne, the minister of Charles I. at the French court; and in her right became possessed of Sayes Court, near Deptford, Kent, where he resided after his return to England in 1651. When Sir R. Browne's estates were confiscated by parliament, he was permitted to purchase Sayes Court, and thus continued in its possession. The violence and confusion of affairs at this period so repelled Evelyn's mind that he suggested to his friend Boyle the establishment of a retreat, where the lovers of virtue and science might shelter themselves in the "fallentis semita vitæ," from the accidents of the times and the rude manners of the men with whom they were rife. It is a sign of Evelyn's fairness and amiability of character, that he had friends in the court of Cromwell while he corresponded with his royalist father-in-law at Paris, and was entirely unmolested, although his own political tendencies were perfectly well known. Evelyn lived through the troubled times of Charles I., Cromwell, Charles II., James II., and King William; and without surrendering any principle or condescending to any flattery, he was preserved from persecution by the respect universally accorded to his character. This single fact is the noblest monument that can be erected to his memory. He lived in intimacy with men of all persuasions, and few foreigners distinguished for learning or arts left England without visiting him. During his retirement his pen was not idle, and he published translations from Lucretius and Chrysostom, with a work on gardening. In 1659 he published an "Apology for the Royal party," and at the Restoration entered upon various public employments, for which he was eminently fitted by practical business habits He was one of the first fellows of the Royal Society, and laboured zealously in its advancement. In his diary he records that Prince Rupert showed him with his own hand the new way of graining called mezzotinto, which he afterwards published in his "Sculptura." In 1662 he was member of a commission for regulating the mint, and in the same year (that of the Dutch war), he was appointed one of the curators of the sick and wounded. He also served in commissions for the improvement of London, the repairing of St. Paul's, making saltpetre, &c., &c. In 1672, Charles II. established the board of trade, and Evelyn was one of its first members, and wrote a brief history of navigation for its use. It is noticeable that all these appointments were bestowed, without his having recourse to the least personal solicitation. His favourite recreation was gardening, and one of the most delightful characteristics of his life is the affectionate care he bestowed upon his trees and grounds, in the midst of various public employments. In 1664 he published his most elegant and famous work "Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees." After the accession of James II., Evelyn was for a time one of the commissioners for executing the office of privy seal. After the Revolution he laid the first stone of Greenwich hospital, and was appointed treasurer of that institution. In 1699 he succeeded to the family estates, and quitting Sayes Court removed to Wotton, where he passed the remainder of his life. Evelyn died in the eighty-sixth year of his age, 27th February, 1705-6, and was buried at Wotton, and, according to his own request, it was inscribed upon his tomb, that living in an age of extraordinary events and revolutions,
