college, Oxford, and afterwards took his degrees at St. Alban's Hall. He then went into orders, and returned to Jersey, where he was made rector of St. Saviour's. He was chosen deputy from the states of that island to William and Mary. His sermons preached in his native country and at Whitehall he published in 1694, and also in the same year, the work by which he is now known—"An account of the Isle of Jersey." The date of his death is not known.—W. H. P. G.
FALLETTI, Girolamo, Count of Trignano, was born at Trino in Monferrato, and studied at Savona, Loviano, and at Ferrara, where he became acquainted with Duke Ercole II., in whom he found a powerful protector. Charged by that sovereign with many important missions to Charles V. of Spain, to the pope, to France, and Poland, he fulfilled his duties so well as to endear himself to the family of D'Este. His works in prose and verse are very numerous, and written in Latin. His poem, "De Bello Sicambrico," was so much esteemed by Manutius, that in 1557 he published a very fine edition of it. Tiraboschi mentions an Italian poem written by this author entitled "Delia guerra di Germania." He was residing at Venice as the minister of the duke of Ferrara to that republic, when he died in 1560.—A. C. M.
* FALLMERAYER, Philipp Jacob, a distinguished German historian and traveller, was born of humble parents in the neighbourhood of Brixen in Tyrol, December 10, 1791, and, in the universities of Salzburg and Landshut, devoted himself chiefly to the study of Eastern languages and history. He then served in the Bavarian army against Napoleon, and on his return from France was appointed to a mastership in the Augsburg gymnasium. From 1831 to 1834 he travelled with the Russian Count Ostermann-Tolstoi through Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, Syria, and Greece. In 1840 he undertook a second, and in 1847 a third journey into the East, which latter, however, he abruptly terminated, on receiving at Smyrna the news of the outbreak of the revolution of 1848. He was elected a deputy to the Frankfort national assembly, where to the last he sided with the left or democratic party. After a short sojourn in Switzerland he was allowed to return to Munich, where he has since devoted his time solely to literary pursuits. The result of his researches and travels have been published in his standard "History of the Empire of Trebizond;" his "History of the Morea during the Middle Ages;" his "Fragments from the East" (whence he is commonly called the Fragmentist); and several other works of no less learning, although of minor compass.—K. E.
FALLOPIUS or FALLOPIO, Gabriell, a celebrated Italian anatomist. He was born at Modena about the year 1523, and was one of the great triad of anatomists in Italy who laid the foundation of the modern science of anatomy at the latter end of the sixteenth century. Fallopius succeeded Vesalius in the chair of anatomy and surgery at Padua in 1557. He appears to have been originally intended for the church, and at one time held an ecclesiastical appointment in the cathedral at Modena. He, however, became attached to the study of natural science, and, after having visited many of the cities of Europe, studied medicine at Ferrara, and commenced delivering lectures on anatomy there. He was soon after invited by Cosmo I., grand-duke of Tuscany, to teach anatomy in the university of Pisa. Here his reputation as a teacher increased, and he was invited by the Venetian senate to occupy the chair of anatomy at Padua. Although Fallopius has chiefly obtained his great reputation as an anatomist, he by no means confined his attention to this study, and in this respect he is distinguished from Eustachius and Vesalius. He devoted himself to the study of plants. In 1543 a botanic garden had been established at Pisa, under the management of Cæsalpinus. Two years later Fallopius succeeded in getting one established at Padua; and, although professor of anatomy and surgery, he undertook the duties of the chair of botany and the superintendence of the new botanic garden. Fallopius left behind him no botanical writings, but he discharged the duties of the botanical chair with great eclat, and the garden flourished under his direction. Fallopius obtained great reputation as a surgeon, and is said to have practised with singular skill and success. He has, however, brought down upon himself the animadversions of his successors for the manner in which he pretended to possess greater skill than others, and especially for his boast of possessing secret remedies. His career was brilliant, but short. He died in 1562, but of what disease or under what circumstances we are not informed. The only work published during his lifetime was entitled "Anatomical Observations." It was published at Venice the year before his death. It was, after all, only an outline, but everywhere it indicates the hand of a master. In this work he brought forward many details that had been overlooked by Vesalius. At the same time it will be seen that neither he nor Eustachius could have borrowed from each other, and the claims of these three great men to be considered the founders of modern anatomy rest upon the internal evidence afforded by their works. Many parts of the human body have been named after Fallopius, as he was the first to describe them. His lectures on botany, materia medica, anatomy, and surgery, were published by his pupils after his death, and a collected edition of his works was published in three volumes, folio, at Venice in 1584.—E. L.
* FALLOUX, Fréderic-Alfred Pierre, Vicomte de, a French historian and politician, was born at Angers in 1811. His "Histoire de Louis XVI.," published in 1840, was followed three years afterwards by a "Histoire de Saint Pie V.;" in the former of which he has disclosed his political, and in the latter his religious sentiments. He was deputed to the French parliament in 1846, when his voice was heard, the very loudest, in demanding "la liberté de l'enseignement." He held office under the prince-president as minister of public instruction, but retired after the coup d'etat of the 2nd of December. He has since that time lived principally on his own estate in the character of literary gentleman-farmer.—R. M., A.
FALLOWS, Fearon, an English astronomer, born at Cockermouth in Cumberland on July 4, 1789; became fellow of St. John's College in 1815; and in 1821 was appointed astronomer royal at the Cape of Good Hope. In the Philosophical Transactions for 1824 he published a catalogue of nearly all the principal fixed stars between the zenith of Cape Town and the South Pole. In the same publication he detailed in 1830 a series of pendulum observations. He died at Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, July 25, 1831.—J. S., G.
FALSEN, Enevold, grandson of Enevold de Falsen, who was raised to the rank of the Danish nobility. He was born in Copenhagen in 1755, and furnishes a rare instance of precocious talent, taking, at ten years of age, his "examen artium." He devoted himself to the law, and from 1777, to the time of his death, occupied various high offices as judge. In 1807 he became member of a provisional government commission. But although only fifty-three, Falsen was already an old man. He suffered from vertigo and depression of mind, which almost amounted to insanity. On the 10th November, 1808, leaving the theatre at Christiana during a storm, he is supposed to have become bewildered and lost his way, for the following day he was found drowned in the Fjord. He was buried with great solemnity, as one of the most beloved and useful men of his country. He was deeply penetrated by French principles, as may be seen by his treatise on slavery, 1796, and on liberty, 1802. He was at one lime a great friend of Peter A. Heiberg and Malte Brun. He devoted all his leisure time to writing for the theatre. His theatrical works are collected in two volumes—Christiana, 1821. His most celebrated pieces are "Dragedukken," "De Snurrige Fœttere," and "Kunstdommeren."—M. H.
FALSEN, Kunsten Magnus, son of the foregoing, was born near Christiana, 17th September, 1782. He was educated in Copenhagen. After 1802 he practised as an advocate, and in 1807 was appointed to the supreme court, and in the following year, district judge in the neighbourhood of Christiana, and, as such, used his utmost endeavours to establish a Norwegian university. As chairman of a committee of the diet at Eidsvold in 1814, he distinguished himself by his liberal views, and the voluntary renunciation of his nobility. The same year he was appointed amtmand of Nordre Bergenhuus, and, in virtue of that office, had a seat in the diet during 1815, 1816, 1821, and 1822. He distinguished himself by his eloquence, whilst his liberal sentiments and patriotism won for him the esteem of his country. He lost his popularity, however, when in 1822 he took the office of procurator-general, and in various respects appeared to act contrary to his former principles. In 1824, the diet insisting upon the abolition of the office, he was appointed by the king stiftsamtmand (civil officer of the diocese of Bergen). In 1827 he became justitiarius of the supreme court of Christiana, where
