have entailed upon him the forfeiture of his right to the crown of these realms. Mrs. Fitzherbert was besides in independent circumstances, and surrounded by many personal advantages, which she was reluctant to renounce for a position both embarrassing and difficult. She was, however, ultimately induced to yield to the importunity of the prince, and was privately married to him, 21st December, 1785, by a protestant clergyman, in the presence of her uncle and brother. Notwithstanding this, in April, 1787, Mr. Fox was instructed by the prince to give in the house of commons an unqualified denial to the report of his marriage, and subsequently, his royal highness married the Princess Caroline of Brunswick. After his alienation from that princess Mrs. Fitzherbert was induced to return to the prince, with the approbation of the Roman pontiff, and lived with him for several years as his wife. His conduct, however, ultimately compelled her once more to separate from him, and she passed the remainder of her life in retirement at Brighton, respected and visited by William IV. and the rest of the royal family. To her credit she refused the offer which was repeatedly made to her of a peerage. She died at Brighton, March 29, 1837. Mrs. Fitzherbert's abilities, according to Lord Brougham, were not shining, nor were her personal charms dazzling; but she was possessed of a most amiable disposition, united to sterling good sense, and manners singularly fascinating.—J. T.
FITZHERBERT, Nicholas, grandson of Sir Anthony, and cousin of Thomas Fitzherbert, was born about 1550, and educated at Exeter college, Oxford. He went to Italy about 1570, and for many years resided in the family of Cardinal Alan at Rome, enjoying a high reputation for attainments in law and belles-lettres. He was accidentally drowned in 1612 The published works of Fitzherbert are—"Oxoniensis in Anglia Academiæ Descriptio," Romæ, 1602; "De Antiquitate et Continuatione Catholicæ Religionis in Anglia," Romæ, 1608; and "Vitæ Cardinalis Alani Epitome," Romæ, 1608.—J. B. J.
FITZHERBERT, Thomas, grandson of Sir Anthony, was born in Staffordshire in 1552, and educated at Oxford. Having rendered himself obnoxious to the protestant interest in England, he withdrew to the continent; in 1614 entered the Society of Jesus, and subsequently became a Romish priest. Being a man of extensive learning, he was employed in various important enterprises connected with the affairs of his order; and for twenty-two years he was rector of the English college at Rome, where he died in 1640. Besides several works in defence of popery, Fitzherbert wrote an able and learned treatise in refutation of the doctrines taught in the Prince of Machiavelli.—J. B. J.
FITZ-JAMES. See Berwick, Duke of.
FITZ-JAMES, Edward, Duc de, born at Versailles in 1776, was a great-grandson of the duke of Berwick (see Berwick). His grandfather Charles, duc de Fitz-James, took a prominent part in the war of the Austrian succession, held several provincial governments under Louis XVI., and died a marshal of France in 1787. The family retired into Italy at the outbreak of the Revolution, and Edward, after serving under Condé and marshal de Castries, paid a visit to the country of his royal ancestors, the Stuarts. He was permitted to return and settle in France under Napoleon, but took no part in public affairs till 1813, when he joined the ranks of the national guard at Paris in the humble station of a corporal. His sympathies, however, were not with the new régime. On the approach of the allied armies to the capital, he strenuously advocated submission; and his zeal in the interest of the Bourbons procured for him the restoration of his peerage, a colonelcy in the national guard, and an office in the household of the count of Artois, afterwards Charles X. Adhering to the extreme royalist party which that prince headed, Fitz-James made himself prominent in the opposition which it offered to the liberal measures of the duc de Decazes, and subsequently supported the high-handed aristocratic administration of Villèle. He continued to maintain similar principles after the revolution of 1830, and was placed under temporary arrest, on suspicion of abetting the schemes of the duchess de Berry; but he soon abandoned, if he ever entertained, the hope of seeing the power of Louis Philippe overthrown. His death took place in 1838.—W. B.
FITZ-PATRICK of Upper Ossory: this ancient sept, which highly distinguished itself in Ireland throughout several centuries, claims descent from Heremon, son of Milesius king of Spain. Mac Giolla Phadruig—Anglice, Fitz-Patrick—prince of Upper Ossory, prominently figured among the most valiant opponents of the Norman settlers in the twelfth century; but for long anterior to that period we find the chieftain's name carrying no small terror in the battle-field. In 1014 Fitz-Patrick of Ossory successfully opposed Donchad O'Brien, king of Munster, on his return southward after routing the Danes at the battle of Clontarf—an incident to which Moore has devoted one of his brightest stanzas. In 1522, as recorded by Cox, Fitz-Patrick, chief of his race, sent to Henry VIII. an express messenger to complain of the lord-deputy, Ormond. "Domine Rex," he said, addressing his majesty, "Dominus meus Gillapatricius me misit ad te, et jussit dicere, quod si non vis castigare Petrum Rufum ipse faciet helium contra te." Barnaby Fitzpatrick, first Lord Ossory, made his submission to the king after the rebellion of the Fitz-Geralds had been suppressed, and on the 14th June, 1541, he was created a baron of Ireland.
Barnaby Fitz-Patrick, second lord, who, as the favourite companion of King Edward VI., got no stint of envy and celebrity. "His majesty," says old John Lodge, "was said to love none almost but him, which is sufficiently evinced by the many kind letters the young king wrote to him, and which are still extant, whilst he served as a volunteer in France." The Lord-deputy Sidney in his report of the state of Ireland, dated December 16, 1575, makes honourable mention of Fitz-Patrick, adding, "Upper Ossorie is so well governed and defended by the valour and wisdom of the baron." Immediately after we find Sidney installing Fitz-Patrick as governor of the King's and Queen's counties, "with divers Irish counties adjoining," and, as the lord-deputy foresaw, the result proved most satisfactory. These vast districts had long been disturbed by the formidable native chieftains O'More and O'Conor; but Fitz-Patrick at once gave them a signal check, which the lord-deputy in 1576 formally announced to the English council, giving Fitz-Patrick warm praise for his "great diligence, policy, and painstaking." Rory Oge O'More, whose insurrectionary movements Lord Ossory had for several years controlled, having in 1578 burnt Naas, Leighlin bridge, and part of Carlow; the rebel chief sent a well-instructed spy to his formidable foe of Ossory volunteering private information of the haunts of O'More, who then stood proclaimed by the government. The spy indicated the precise spot of a wood where Rory O'More might be surprised with a large mass of plunder, and a handful of followers; and Fitz-Patrick accordingly proceeded at the appointed time to the wood, accompanied by a sufficient force, and having sent in thirty men "as a feeler," O'More, observing them, placed a large detachment in ambush, and came forth attended by thirty followers also. This manœuvre, however, was defeated by the impetuosity of Lord Ossory's men, who rushed upon and utterly routed the insurgents. O'More was killed in the melee, but when the thousand marks which had been offered for his head was presented to Lord Ossory he declined to accept more than a hundred as a reward for his men. In 1579 Lord Ossory proceeded into Munster against James Fitz-Maurice and a large force of Spaniards, and obtained, in consideration of these services, a pension from the crown. Barnaby Fitz-Patrick died 11th September, 1581.
Bryan Fitz-patrick, sixth Lord Ossory, took his seat in the house of peers, 16th March, 1639, and aided the outburst of the insurrection soon after at the head of the Irish of Ossory. Having shown some military policy in conducting the sieges of Borras and Ballinakill, the baron, with his brother Edward, was indicted for high treason, but after the Restoration he claimed his seat in parliament. The request was referred to a committee of privileges, who gave it as their opinion that as Lord Ossory was "only indicted, and not outlawed or any ways attainted, he was not deprived from sitting in parliament." John, James, and Florence Fitz-Patrick, nephews of the third baron, with Andreas Fitz-Patrick, and Colonel Bryan Fitz-Patrick were also commanders in the rebellion of 1641.
Richard Fitz-Patrick, Lord Gowran, son of John Fitz-Patrick of Ossory, was in 1687 appointed commander of a ship of war, in which capacity he signalized himself on several occasions against the French. The privateers which had so long infested the German ocean, to the great injury of British commerce, Fitz-Patrick kept completely in check. In 1690 he attacked a French frigate of thirty-six guns, which, after a severe contest of four hours he captured, losing only four men, while the enemy lost forty; the prisoners numbered two hundred and fifty. In the following year he drove two more French frigates on shore, and contributed to the capture of
