maker at Bristol or Bath, born about 1735. He studied law, and in 1787 became D.C.L. At the trial of Warren Hastings he was one of the counsel for the prosecution. For some time he was M.P. for Peterborough. The History of Music by Sir John Hawkins was attacked by Dr. Lawrence in the Probationary Odes, which had a political as well as a literary bearing, and of which Lawrence was a chief concoctor. He afterwards became a violent supporter of Pitt; and he was the friend and executor of Burke. At his death in 1809 he was regius professor of civil law and chancellor of Oxford, and judge of the Cinque Ports. In 1810 appeared his "Critical Remarks on the New Testament, particularly on the Revelation of St. John." He was a contributor to the Annual Register.—B. H. C.
LAURENCE, Richard, Archbishop of Cashel, brother of the preceding, was born in 1760 at Bath, and was educated at Corpus Christi college, Oxford. Upon taking his bachelor's degree he married, and accepted the post of tutor in a private family, adding to his otherwise scanty income by contributions to the Monthly Review and Annual Register. In 1797 on his brother obtaining the regius professorship of civil law at Oxford, Dr. Richard was made his deputy. He thereupon fixed his residence at Oxford. In 1804 he preached the Bampton lecture; and in 1814 he was fortunate enough to enlist the influence of Sir W. Scott—afterwards Lord Stowell—to whom he had inscribed his "Remarks on Griesbach's Classification of MSS. of the New Testament," Oxford, 1814, octavo—in procuring him the regius professorship of Hebrew and a canonry in Christ church. In 1819 appeared a collection of his tracts, theological and critical, in two volumes; the book was most favourably received, and is still in the highest estimation. In 1822 Lord Stowell's friendship and his own reputation won him his archbishopric. He died in 1839, aged seventy-nine.—W. C. H.
LAURENS, Henri, was born in 1724 at Charleston, and was descended from a family of French refugees. He was engaged in commerce, and was brought by his profession to England. On the outbreak of the American revolution he appears to have been in India; but he at once returned to America. He had already amassed great wealth, and had much influence with the popular party. He signed the petition against the Boston port bill, was elected a delegate to the general congress, and afterwards its president. On a voyage to Holland as ambassador he was taken prisoner, and confined in the tower of London. He was one of those who signed the preliminaries of peace, but afterwards retired to private life, and died in 1792.—B. H. C.
LAURENTZEN or LORENTSEN, Johan, an erudite Dane born at Ribe; died at Copenhagen in 1726. In 1698 he became director of the state printing-office. Besides some works on Danish history and lives of the kings, he published a Danish version of the Bible in 1719, which was extensively used. It is known as Laurentzen's Bible.—P. E. D.
LAURETI, Tommaso, called il Siciliano, was born at Palermo about 1520, and studied under Sebastian del Piombo at Rome. He settled in Bologna, where, in San Giacomo Maggiore, are two of his principal works—"The Resurrection" and the "Burial of St. Agostino." Gregory XIII. invited Laureti to Rome to paint the ceiling of the Sala di Costantino in the Vatican; he painted also in fresco a saloon in the capitol with the history of Brutus. He was the second president of the Academy of St. Luke at Rome, and died there about the year 1600.—(Baglione, Vite, &c.)—R. N. W.
LAURI, Filippo, was born at Rome in 1623, and died there in 1694. He studied under Caroselli, and excelled in bacchanalian scenes. He was one of the painters employed by Claude to insert the figures in his landscapes.—R. N. W.
LAURIA, Roger de, a Calabrian by birth, admiral in the service of Pedro III. of Arragon, appointed to the command of the fleet with which that monarch was asserting his claim to the throne of Sicily against Charles of Anjou in 1283. In the same year he gained a decisive victory over the French galleys, and took the islands of Malta and Lipari. In another naval engagement in the following year he took prisoner the prince of Salerno (son of Charles), and a number of his leading nobles. Appearing off Naples, he threatened to overthrow the French power, and seized upon several strong places on the coast of Calabria. On the death of Pedro III. in 1285, Roger de Lauria maintained the claims of his second son, James, to the crown of Sicily. That prince, on succeeding to the throne of Arragon, concluded a treaty, of which the principal condition was the surrender of the crown of Sicily to France. The brave islanders, not forgetful of the Sicilian Vespers, refused to be thus bartered away, and chose as their king Frederic, brother of James. Roger de Lauria, relinquishing his possessions in Sicily, joined the league between James and the king of Naples, and sailed under the papal banner which he had so often conquered. The war was terminated by a peace which left Frederic on the throne of Sicily. Roger de Lauria returned to Spain, and died in 1305. His unquestioned ability and courage were more than once stained by cruelty in the hour of victory.—F. M. W.
LAURIÈRE, Eusèbe Jacob de, jurisconsult, was born at Paris in 1659, and died in 1728. He acquired enormous erudition, and devoted himself rather to the theoretical and historical branches of his profession, than to the practical. Besides his original writings, which were both numerous and valuable, he compiled, by order of Louis XIV., and in conjunction with Berroyer and Loger, a chronological table of the ordinances from Hugh Capet to 1400.—W. J. P.
LAURISTON, Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law, Marquis de, Marshal of France, was born at Pondicherry, 1st February, 1768. Distinguishing himself in the campaigns of the republic, he became aid-de-camp to the first consul, in which capacity he served at Marengo. In 1801 he was sent on a mission to Denmark; and in 1802 he carried to London the ratification of the treaty of Amiens. In 1807 he defended Ragusa very gallantly against a combined force of Russians and Montenegrins. At Wagram he commanded the artillery of the guard. In 1811 he was sent as ambassador to Russia, and commanded the rear guard of the French army in its retreat after the invasion. He was taken prisoner by the Prussians at the battle of Leipsic and sent to Berlin. Faithful to the Bourbons after the return of Napoleon from Elba, he received the title of Marquis from Louis XVIII. in 1817. In 1823 he was created a Marshal, and during the Duc d'Angoulême expedition he besieged and took Pampeluna. After filling various offices in the ministry and the royal household, he retired from public life, and died of apoplexy, 11th June, 1828.—W. J. P.
LAUTREC, Odet de Foix, Seigneur de, a valiant captain of the sixteenth century, who died before Naples, 16th August, 1528. He went with Louis XII. to Italy, and in 1511 was guardian of the council of Pisa. At the battle of Ravenna, 1512, he was left for dead on the field, but recovered, and in 1515 Francis I. made him governor of Guienne, but took him to the wars, where he behaved like a good knight and true. At Marignano he contributed greatly to the success of the French arms, and in 1516 was appointed king's lieutenant in Italy. Brantôme says he was of no use as a governor, being headstrong, hasty, obstinate, and self-willed, and "treated the affairs of the church on military principles." He retook Brescia and Verona, forced the imperialists to raise the siege of Parma, but was obliged to evacuate Milan. He returned to France, fought again at Bayonne, went once more to Italy, and at Pavia was at the side of the king. In 1527 he was again in the field, and gave Pavia a terrible visitation as a set-off against the former defeat. He marched to Naples, caught fever with the rest of the army, and on the 16th August, 1528, encountered his last enemy. A magnificent tomb was erected to him in 1556, in the church of Santa Maria, Naples.—P. E. D.
LAUZUN, Antonine Nompar de Caumont, Count or Duke de, a French courtier, who underwent the most remarkable vicissitudes of fortune. His life, it has been said, was stranger than the dreams of other people. He was a cadet of a noble family of Gascony, and was born in 1633. He was introduced to the court by the Marshal de Gramont, and was soon received into great favour by Louis XIV., who gave him the command of a regiment, made him a major-general, and created for him the office of colonel-general of dragoons. But he quarreled with the king, whom he reproached for an alleged breach of promise, and was in consequence arrested and committed to the Bastile. He regained his liberty, however, and along with it the favour of his royal master. In 1660 he won the heart of the Princess Anna, daughter of the duke of Orleans, and heiress of the immense estate of Montpensier. The consent of the king was obtained to their union, but the marriage was broken off in consequence of the remonstrances of the princes of the blood. In the following year the count incurred the enmity of the minister Louvois and of Madame de Montespan, and was imprisoned for two years in the castle of Pignerol. He ultimately obtained
