1858. His father, Jacob, was a tenor singer in the chapel of the elector of Treves, who, when the electorate was dissolved in 1796, followed his prince to Augsburg as an officer of his household. Successively at the gymnasium and lyceum of that city, young Lindpaintner was a student until 1806, and from that time he devoted himself to music, for which he had always a predilection. His first masters were Plödterll, music-director to the elector, for the violin; and Witzka, music-director of Augsburg cathedral, for the pianoforte and harmony. Observing his decided talent, the ex-elector sent him to Munich to study under Winter, with whom he wrote his first opera, "Demophoon," a mass, and a Te Deum, which were performed in 1811. His patron purposed in 1812 to send him to complete his artistic education in Italy, but his sudden death frustrated this intention; and Lindpaintner, left to his own resources, was glad to accept the engagement of music-director at the then new Isarthor theatre in Munich. Notwithstanding his success as a composer, he was dissatisfied with his theoretical attainments, and accordingly now placed himself under the instruction of Joseph Gratz, with whom he went through a course of severe contrapuntal study. In 1819 he was appointed kapellmeister to the king of Wurtemberg, in discharge of which office he went to reside at Stuttgart. He acquired great fame by the training of his orchestra, for which he had a peculiar talent; he was therefore engaged in 1853 to conduct Dr. Wylde's New Philharmonic concerts in London, and again in 1854, when he also directed a German opera at Drury Lane theatre. Lindpaintner produced above five-and-twenty operas, the best known of which are "Der Vampyr," played at Vienna in 1827; and "Joko." He wrote an overture and dramatic music to Göthe's Faust; three oratorios—one of which, "The Widow of Nain," has been given in London; and a great number of miscellaneous vocal and instrumental pieces—G. A. M.
LINDSAY, the name of a noble Scottish family which has figured conspicuously in the history of the country. The first of the name who settled in Scotland was an Anglo-Norman baron named Walter de Lindsay, who flourished in the reign of David I. Their original possessions appear to have been at Ercildun—now Earlston—in Roxburghshire, and at Crawford in Clydesdale; but they speedily extended themselves into Haddington, Forfar, Fife, and most of the Lowland counties in Scotland, multiplied into numerous brandies, attained high dignities both in church and state, and vast influence in the country. They were zealous adherents of Wallace and Bruce. One of them assisted at the slaughter of the Red Comyn; another perished in the battle of Kirkencliff; and no fewer than eighty gentlemen of their name are said to have fallen at Dupplin, fighting against Balliol. The ancient ballad on the battle of Otterburn makes special mention of the valour of "the Lindsays light and gay;" and Froissart commemorates a gallant adventure of Sir John Lindsay at that famous fight. The family were ennobled in the person of Sir David Lindsay of Glenesk, a celebrated warrior and most accomplished knight, who married the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Robert II., and was created Earl of Crawford in 1398.—David, third earl, was the ally of the earl of Douglas in his struggle against the king, and was killed just before the battle of Arbroath in 1446, while endeavouring to reconcile the Lindsays and the Ogilvies, who had quarreled.—Alexander, fourth earl, surnamed the Tiger Earl from the ferocity of his character, entered into a league with the earl of Douglas and Macdonald of the Isles, to dethrone the king; but after the murder of Douglas, he was defeated by the royal lieutenant Huntly at the battle of Brechin in 1452. His estates were forfeited; but on his submission and surrender he was pardoned, through the intercession of Bishop Kennedy.—David, fifth earl, his son, became the most powerful man of his family, acquired the hereditary sheriffdom of Angus, was appointed keeper of Berwick and high admiral, master of the household, lord chamberlain, joint high justiciary, and for twenty years was employed in almost every embassy and public negotiation that took place between England and Scotland. He was a strenuous supporter of James III. against his rebel barons, and as a reward for his services was created Duke of Montrose. After the defeat and death of that unfortunate monarch, the duke suffered severely for his loyalty. His son John, sixth earl, who did not assume the title of duke, fell at Flodden.—In the great struggle between the protestants and the Romanists at the Reformation, the elder branch of the Lindsays espoused the Romish side, and were deeply implicated in the intrigues and plots of that party during the reigns of Mary and James VI. They were royalists, too, in the great civil war, and were ultimately involved in the ruin of the cause which they had embraced. The Byres branch of the Lindsays rose on the ruins of the old house, and succeeded them in the Crawford title.—John, sixth Lord Lindsay of the Byres, was a zealous protestant, and a man of stern character. It was he "whose iron eye beheld fair Mary weep in vain" when he assisted in extorting from her the resignation of her crown at Lochleven.—His son James, seventh Lord Lindsay, was "a man of great talent, supple, subtle, and ambitious," but a gallant soldier and an accomplished scholar.—Earl John, his son, succeeded in obtaining the earldom of Crawford on the extinction of the elder branch, to the exclusion of the Balcarras family, who were nearer in blood. He held the offices of high treasurer of Scotland and president of the parliament, and was one of the principal leaders of the moderate presbyterians during the civil war.—His son William, earl of Crawford, was made president of the parliament after the Revolution of 1688, and a-commissioner of the treasury, and was the most active agent in effecting the overthrow of episcopacy.—His grandson John, twentieth earl of Crawford, a distinguished military officer, was born in 1702. After completing his education at the university of Glasgow, he spent two years at a military academy in Paris. In 1726 he was appointed to a company in the Scots Greys. He served a campaign as a volunteer with the imperial army under Prince Eugene, and subsequently fought under General Munich in the war between Russia and Turkey in 1738, and acquired great distinction for his courage and activity. At the close of the campaign he rejoined the imperialists, and at the battle of Krotska was desperately wounded by a musket ball, which broke his thigh-bone, and caused him the most dreadful agony. From the effects of this wound he never completely recovered. In 1739 he was made adjutant-general, and obtained the command of the Black Watch, as the 42nd Highland regiment was then termed. In 1741 he was appointed to the command of the Scots Greys, and ultimately rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1743 he joined the British army in Flanders under Marshal Stair. His "noble and wise" conduct at the battle of Dettingen received special commendation; and at Fontenoy he covered the retreat with great gallantry. Though his wound troubled him much, and though he had the misfortune to lose his wife, the beautiful Lady Jean Murray, daughter of the duke of Athol, before she had completed her twentieth year, he continued to serve with the army till the conclusion of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. On his return to London his wound broke out for the twenty-ninth time, and he expired on Christmas-day, 1749, aged forty-seven. Lord Crawford was as much beloved for his amiability, a s he was admired for his great talents, military skill, and elegant manners. His countrymen regarded him as "the most generous, the most gallant, the bravest, and the finest nobleman of his time."—The Byres line of the Lindsays terminated in 1808, on the death of George, twenty-second earl of Crawford.
The Balcarras branch of the family, which descended from David Lindsay of Edzell, ninth earl of Crawford, has produced a great number of statesmen, judges, and soldiers; and continues still to flourish. Lady Anne Lindsay or Barnard, author of "Auld Robin Gray," belonged to this house. James seventh earl of Balcarras has made good his title to the ancient family honours, and is now twenty-fourth earl of Crawford.—(Lives of the Lindsays, by Lord Lindsay, 3 vols. 8vo.)—J. T.
* LINDSAY, Alexander William Crawford, Lord, eldest son of the twenty-fourth earl of Crawford and Balcarras, a thoughtful and accomplished writer, was born at Muncaster Castle, Cumberland, in 1812. He received his later education in Trinity college, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1833. Soon after leaving college he travelled in the East, and recorded a portion of his experiences in a serious and interesting work published in 1838, "Letters on Egypt, Edom, and the Holy Land." In 1841 he printed for private circulation a volume of "Ballads, Songs, and Poems," translated from the German, chiefly of Göthe, Schiller, and Uhland; and in the same year appeared a brief and unpretending but earnest "Letter to a Friend on the Evidence and Theory of Christianity." Five years later he published a singular little book, "Progression by Antagonism, a theory involving considerations touching the present position, duties, and destiny of Great Britain," a volume of which it would
