after the withdrawal of William Gifford from the conduct of the Quarterly Review, Lockhart became its editor, a post the duties of which he discharged with singular ability and success for more than a quarter of a century. Under his management the Quarterly gave a welcome to talent and originality wherever they were to be found, and eminent "liberals" were encouraged to contribute to the old organ of toryism. From the time of his acceptance of the editorship of the Quarterly, Lockhart, of course, resided in London, in the literary circles of which he was as prominent as a person of his reserved and rather proud disposition could be. The duties of his editorship were deemed almost sufficient by him. He contributed much to the Quarterly, especially semi-biographical, semi-critical articles, one of which—his sketch of poor Theodore Hook, republished separately but with its authorship unavowed—is a masterpiece of miniature biography. The only work of any dimensions which Lockhart produced, while editor of the Quarterly, was his "Life of Scott," 1832-37—minute, detailed, elaborate, and voluminous, one of the most interesting biographies in the language. The later years of the biographer of Scott were not happy. In a worldly sense he was prosperous, for, in addition to his other sources of income, he was appointed by Sir Robert Peel in 1843 auditor of the duchy of Cornwall, with a salary of £600 a year. But death had been, and continued busy, among those he loved. He had early lost his eldest son, the "Hugh Littlejohn," to whom Sir Walter Scott addressed the Tales of a Grandfather. In 1837 his wife died; another son died in India, and later he lost his only surviving son under circumstances which did not mitigate the blow. With failing health he resigned the editorship of the Quarterly Review, and tried change of scene and climate by visiting Italy in 1853. Returning the following year with constitution completely shattered, and to Scotland, he was conveyed from the house of his brother to breathe his last at Abbotsford, where he died on the 25th of November, 1854. Abbotsford was the property of Mr. Hope, the parliamentary counsel, who changed his name to Hope Scott, on marrying Lockhart's only surviving daughter, and both became Roman catholics. Mrs. Hope Scott has since died, and of the family which Sir Walter Scott hoped to found, there now survives only one member, the infant child of that lady, and grandchild of Lockhart.—F. E.
LOCKHART, Sir William, of Lee, an eminent Scottish statesman during the Protectorate and the reign of Charles II., was the third son of Sir James Lockhart of Lee, and the brother of the lord president. He was born in 1621, and was educated partly in Scotland and partly in Holland. In early life he served with distinction in the French army as a volunteer, and on his return to Scotland was appointed lieutenant-colonel of Lord William Hamilton's regiment. When Charles I. took refuge in the Scottish camp at Newark, Lockhart was introduced to him, and received the honour of knighthood. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Preston and after remaining a year in confinement, regained his liberty at the cost of £1000. He received a gross affront from Charles II., which he resented in a most spirited manner, and took no part in the expedition which terminated so disastrously at Worcester. On the complete suppression of the royalist party in Scotland he retired into private life. Two years after, he resolved to seek his fortune in France; but on reaching London he was in some way or other brought under the notice of the Protector, who had the sagacity at once to discern Lockhart's valuable qualities, and, 18th May, 1652, appointed him one of the commissioners for the administration of justice in Scotland. In 1654 he married Miss Robina Sewster, the Protector's niece, was elected representative for the county of Lanark, and nominated a member of the Scottish privy council. Towards the close of 1655 he was appointed by Cromwell ambassador from the Commonwealth to the court of France. "He was received with great solemnity," says Clarendon, "and was a man of great address in treaty, and had a marvellous credit and power with the Cardinal Mazarin." He negotiated in March, 1656, a treaty of alliance between England and France for the invasion of the Spanish Netherlands, and by his vigorous and straightforward proceedings compelled Mazarin, in spite of all his doublings and shufflings, to fulfil his part of the agreement. An army of French and English—the former commanded by Turenne, the latter by Lockhart himself—defeated the Spaniards in the sanguinary battle of the Downs, and reduced Mardyke and Dunkirk, which, in accordance with the treaty, were made over to the English. He was immediately appointed governor of Dunkirk, and took prompt measures to put this important acquisition into a state of defence. He was created a peer by Cromwell in 1657, was employed as plenipotentiary at the treaty of the Pyrenees, and was received with high distinction. Shortly before the Restoration, when that event was evidently impending, Charles endeavoured with many flattering promises to induce the governor to open the gates of Dunkirk to him and his friends. But Lockhart answered with brief simplicity that "he was trusted by the Commonwealth and could not betray it." He at the same time promptly rejected the magnificent offers made to him by Mazarin, to induce him to deliver Mardyke and Dunkirk into the hands of the French. At the Restoration he was deprived of his government, but was allowed to return to Britain. He spent several years in retirement; but though Charles feared and disliked him, his merits procured him employment on a mission to the courts of Brandenburg and Nuremberg; and he was soon after sent as ambassador to Paris, where he displayed great spirit and determination in vindicating the honour of his country. He died at his post in the year 1675. Burnet says "he was both a wise and gallant man, calm and courteous, and one that carried the generosities of friendship very far. I have ever looked upon him as the greatest man that his country produced in this age, next to Sir Robert Murray." "It is thought by judges," says Carlyle, "that in Lockhart the Lord Protector had the best ambassador of that age; he was a man of distinguished qualities, of manifold adventures and employments."—J. T.
LOCKMAN, John, an eighteenth century author, more prolific than prominent, and secretary to the British herring fishery, was born in 1698, and died in 1771. He assisted Dr. Birch in the compilation of the General Dictionary, and was an indefatigable translator for the booksellers, picking up, it is said, his knowledge of foreign languages by lodging at coffee-houses frequented by foreigners. Among his translations was the English version of Voltaire's Henriade, published in 1732. He wrote a large number of occasional verses, and at least two dramatic pieces. Johnson spoke sneeringly of him, as having been once styled in a foreign publication "L'illustre Lockman."—F. E.
LODDIGES, George, an English horticulturist and nurseryman, was born at Hackney on 12th March, 1784, and died on 5th June, 1846. His father, Conrad Loddiges, a German by birth, established a nursery and botanical garden at Hackney, which was kept up by his sons after his death. In the collection there were numerous orchids and a fine set of palms. When the establishment was given up these palms were purchased for the Crystal palace. Besides living plants, Mr. Loddiges also formed a collection of woods to the amount of about one thousand, which were cut up and polished to show their character; and he possessed an unrivalled collection of humming-birds to the number of more than two hundred species. He was for many years vice-president of the Horticultural Society, and he was also a fellow of the Linnæan Society. In 1818 he and his brother commenced the publication of the Botanical Cabinet, which was continued until about two thousand figures of plants were given, many of the drawings being made by himself. He was fond of microscopical research, and was an accurate observer. He was a man of amiable disposition, and possessed extensive information and a liberal spirit.—J. H. B.
* LODER, Edward James, a musician, was born at Bath in 1813. His father, J. D. Loder, a violinist of repute, was at the head of all musical matters at Bath, when that city was the chief resort of fashion, and he used to come to London for some of the most important concerts. When Bath went out of vogue, he took up his residence in the metropolis, and there he died. Edward Loder had two brothers—John, a violinist, and William, a violoncellist—of average ability, who are both deceased; and he has two sisters, both in the musical profession. Having manifested an unusual aptitude for music, he was sent in 1826 to Frankfort-on-the-Maine to study with Ferdinand Ries, with whom, during his long residence in England, the elder Loder had been intimate. Edward Loder returned in two years, and was then for a while unsettled as to his pursuits; but he at last determined to adopt medicine as a profession, and he accordingly went back to Germany in 1829, to qualify himself for practice. After a time his love for music returned, strengthened by the many promptings with which a resident in Germany is surrounded; and abandoning physic, he again placed himself under Ries, with whom he remained till his period of scholarship was completed
