Chant of Thorstein Raudi;" "My Heid is like to rend, Willie;" and above all, "Jeanie Morrison," will last as long as the language.— (Poems of Motherwell, third edition, with a Memoir by James M'Conechy, Esq.)—J. T.
MOTLEY, James, an English engineer and naturalist, was born near Leeds on 2nd May, 1822, and died in Borneo on 1st May, 1859. He was in his early days fond of natural history. He was educated at St. Peter's school at York, and afterwards entered St. John's college, Cambridge, with the view of studying for the church. Eventually, however, he became a civil engineer. He superintended mining operations in Wales, and afterwards went to Labuan, in Borneo, for a similar purpose. He reached Labuan in July, 1848, and remained there five years. After passing a year at Singapore, he returned to Borneo as an engineer for a Dutch company having extensive coal mines. Here he set himself to study the fossil plants and animals which he observed in the workings of the mines, and transmitted important communications on the subject to Britain. He also contributed papers to the Natural History Society of Batavia. He employed a collector, who went into the interior of Borneo, and was taught to preserve skins and other specimens. He sent some of his collections to the Leeds museum, and contributed between one thousand and two thousand specimens of plants to the herbarium of Kew. At Kalangen in the south of Borneo, where the mines were situated, there was an emeute among the natives, and on 1st May, 1859, they massacred the Europeans. Among the rest Mr. Motley fell a victim. He was a naturalist of great promise, and had his life been spared, would have made important discoveries in an island the natural history of which is still so imperfectly known.—J. H. B.
* MOTLEY, John Lothrop, one of the most distinguished members of the modern school of American historians, belongs to a family of Boston, the Athens of the United States, and was born about 1814. He graduated at Harvard in 1831. Eight years afterwards he published his first book, "Morton's Hope, or the Memoirs of a Provincial," New York, 1839. In the meantime the author had visited Europe, and studied in Germany, and there are some lively sketches of German university life in "Morton's Hope," which also includes pictures of the war of the American revolution. In "Many Mount, a Romance of the Massachusetts Colony," Boston, 1849, Mr. Motley produced a tale of colonial life, belonging to "the crepuscular period which immediately preceded the rise of the Massachusetts colony." One of the figures of "Merry Mount" is Miles Standish, the hero of Mr. Longfellow's latest poem. Abandoning fiction for reality, Mr. Motley conceived the design of writing the history of the Dutch republic, a subject naturally congenial to a literary citizen of the United States of America. To study it at first hand he came to Europe, and after several years of research in the royal archives of the Hague, of Brussels, and of Dresden, he published in 1846, "The Rise of the Dutch Republic, a History." Without the polish of Prescott, or the graceful elegance of Washington Irving, Mr. Motley's work was successful, both from the novelty of much of its matter, and from the glow of its sympathy with the Dutch in their heroic struggle. The "Rise of the Dutch Republic" has been translated into Dutch and French, the French translation being preceded by an introduction from the pen of Guizot. It closed with the assassination of William the Silent, who was the central figure of the work. Mr. Motley resumed his narrative at that point, and in 1860 published two volumes of the "History of the United Netherlands, from the death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort." The point reached at the close of these volumes was the destruction of the Spanish armada. In this work, from the close relations between the countries, the history of England was blended with that of Holland, and much new light thrown on the reign and policy of Elizabeth, as well as on the details of the continued struggle of the Dutch. On the breaking out of the civil war in America Mr. Motley published, with his initials, in the Times, a series of papers on the history of the relations between North and South, reprinted in pamphlet form in 1861, with the title—"Causes of the Civil War in America." Soon after their appearance he was appointed American minister at Vienna, a post which may give him facilities for the execution of another of his historical projects—to trace, namely, the history of the Thirty Years' war, and combine with it, to quote his own words, "the civil and military events in Holland down to the epoch when the Thirty Years' war and the Eighty Years' war of the Netherlands were both brought to a close by the peace of Westphalia." He is a corresponding member of the French Institute.—F. E.
MOTTE. See La Motte.
MOTTEUX, Pierre Antoine, a Frenchman, who made some figure in the English literature of his age, was born at Rouen in 1660. A Huguenot, he migrated to London after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, became the prosperous owner of a large East India warehouse in Leadenhall Street, and, from his knowledge of languages, received an appointment in connection with the foreign department of the post-office. Sir Walter Scott (Works of Dryden) adds, that he was also a bookseller. Motteux amused himself with literature; edited the Gentleman's Journal; wrote some twenty plays in English, many of them well received; a good deal of English poetry; and took a place among the London wits of the time. Dryden dedicates his fourteenth epistle "to my friend Mr. Motteux on his tragedy called Beauty in Distress, published in 1698," and apostrophizes him thus:—
" But whence art thou inspired, and thou alone.
To flourish in an idiom not thine own?"
About the beginning of the eighteenth century, and in two instalments, Motteux published his English translation of Rabelais, which enters as an element into the standard version of Sir Thomas Urquhart and others. The translation of Don Quixote, which appeared in 1706, professes to be merely "published by Mr. Motteux; "but there is little doubt that he had a principal share in it. It was the version selected by Mr. Lockhart for republication, and to which he prefixed an essay on Cervantes. Motteux died, under disgraceful circumstances, in 1718.—F. E.
MOTTEVILLE, Françoise Bertaut, Dame de, the favourite maid of honour and biographer of Anne of Austria, was born at Paris, according to some opinions, in 1615; according to others in 1621. She was the daughter of a gentleman-in-ordinary to the king, who, on his mother's side, was of Spanish origin; and this circumstance led Cardinal Richelieu to remove the young Françoise from the service of the queen, who employed her attendant to procure information. She received a pension, however, and soon after married. When Anne became regent she recalled her former maid of honour, who repaid the obligation by writing the life of her royal patroness. She carefully noted down every occurrence that came under her observation, with all that she learned in conversation with the queen. Her intimacy with Henrietta Maria, widow of Charles I., also supplied her with information, and from these sources she compiled her "Memoires pour servir à l'histoire d'Anne d'Autriche," printed at Paris in 1723. She died in 1689.—P. E. D.
MOTTLEY, John, a dramatist and writer of history, was born in 1692. His father, a staunch jacobite, resided at the little court of St. Germains, and only saw his wife, who held the opposite principles, when he came to England on secret missions from King James. The boy was educated at Archbishop Tenison's school, and then placed in the excise. In 1720 he lost his situation in consequence of having made an unlucky contract, and turned to literature as a means of support. He wrote "The Imperial Captives," and four other plays, which met with success. In 1739 he published by subscription a "Life of Peter the Great," 3 vols. 8vo. Queen Caroline obtained subscriptions for this book at a drawing-room, distributing the tickets with her own hand, while her privy purse received the money for the author. Mottley published a "Life of Catherine I." in 1714, and is said to have been the compiler of Joe Miller's Jest-book. He died on the 30th October, 1750.—R. H.
MOUFFET or MUFFET, Thomas, a physician and naturalist of the sixteenth century, was born in London and educated at Cambridge. He afterwards travelled on the continent, and became acquainted with and adopted the doctrines of the chemical sect of physicians, which at that time attracted considerable attention, especially in Germany. He took his degree of M.D. abroad, but was incorporated at Cambridge in 1582. He then settled and practised as a physician in London. He resided also for some time at Ipswich. He was patronized by Peregrine Bertie (Lord Willoughby), and accompanied him on an embassy to the king of Denmark It also appears that in 1591 he was in camp with the earl of Essex in Normandy. Mouffet was one of the first physicians who introduced the doctrines and remedies of the chemcial school into England. His apology for the chemical sect, entitled "De Jure et Præstantia Chemicorum Medicamentorum, Dialogus Apologeticus," was pub-
