and industry, as to tix the attention of the musical public with great interest on his subsequent productions. His second publication was "A Collection of Motets for the Offertory, and other pieces, principally adapted for the Morning Service," in twelve books. In this collection are several compositions by the selector himself, the general characteristics of which appear to be suavity, elegance, and bold and varied modulation. His melodies do not rise into extraordinary felicity or originality, yet they are ever flowing and agreeable, mixing much of the sober dignity of the church style with a lighter manner, that gives relief while it assorts well with the graver foundation and more solid materials of the work. His next publications were, "Twelve Easy Masses" for small choirs, "Motets for the Morning Service," and "The Evening Service." These contain many of his own original compositions, which have remained constant favourites in the choirs of the catholic church, for whose services they were composed. About the year 1824 he was requested by the authorities of the Fitzwilliam museum at Cambridge, to examine and report on the large collection of musical manuscripts which were in their library, and he spent considerable time in doing so, making several visits to Cambridge at his own expense for that purpose. The ancient Italian school had his chief attention, and a portion of the result of his researches he published. Another important work produced by Vincent Novello was his collection of Purcell's sacred works, in four large volumes. This was a work of much research and collation, as the larger portion had remained in manuscript, dispersed in the choir books of different cathedrals, or rare copies in the collection of individuals. To enumerate all the publications of this industrious editor would be to copy the greater portion of Alfred Novello's catalogue. We may mention as among the most useful—Mozart and Haydn's Masses; Boyce's Cathedral Music; the Cathedral Choir Book; a careful revision of the fourteen principal oratorios by Handel, including a separate organ or pianoforte accompaniment to each oratorio; similar editions of Haydn's Creation, Seasons, Passione, Tempesta, and other oratorios by Romberg, Spohr, Himmel, Biery, Graun &c. In the latter part of his life, this industrious and excellent man retired to Nice, in the south of France, where he expired on the 9th of August, 1861. His children that survive him are Mrs. Cowden Clarke; Joseph Alfred (the eminent musicseller); Mrs. T. J. Serle; Clara (Countess Gigliucci); Emma Aloysia; and Mary Sabilla, the eminent teacher of singing.—E. F. R.
NOVIKOFF, Nicolai Ivanovitch, a Russian publisher and bookseller, who did good service to his countrymen by disseminating sound literature among them. He was born in 1744 at the village of Tichwensk, near Moscow; and after receiving an imperfect education at home was sent to St. Petersburg to enter a regiment of the guards. He soon abandoned the profession of arms, and began a new career by publishing a satirical journal called the Painter. He next produced "An Attempt at a Lexicon of Russian Authors," the criticisms in which exposed him to some obloquy. Proceeding to Moscow he began to publish there in 1773 "The Ancient Russian Library," a useful collection of historical documents. He urged in every possible way the publication of books, newspapers, and other periodicals. He died July 31, 1818.—R. H.
NOWELL, Alexander, author of the celebrated "Catechism," was born at Readhall in Lancashire in 1507 or 1508, and graduated at Oxford in 1536, where he was admitted a fellow of Brazennose college. In 1543 he was made second master of Westminster school, and in 1550 was licensed as a preacher. In 1551 he succeeded Redmaine as one of the prebendaries of Westminster; but on the accession of Mary, was obliged to consult his safety, like many other zealous ministers of the Reformed church of England, by withdrawing to the continent. In 1554 he was at Strasburg with Jewel, Grindal, Sandys, and others, and in the disputes which arose among the exiles at Frankfort, he inclined to the side of moderation; urging upon all parties unity in essentials, and in matters of smaller moment recommending concession on one side, and submission on the other. Having returned to England on the accession of Elizabeth, he was made chaplain to Bishop Grindall and archdeacon of Middlesex, and in 1560 he was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's. In the convocation of 1563, at which the articles of religion were revised and subscribed, he was chosen prolocutor of the lower house; and being in favour of a farther reformation of the church than had been obtained in Edward VI.'s reign, he joined with thirty other members of the lower house in proposing several changes upon the liturgy, which would have gone far to satisfy thus early the puritan party. But the majority decided against all alteration of Edward's Service Book, as it had already been sanctioned and enforced by parliament in the first year of Elizabeth. He took an active part in the controversy with the papists which was excited by the publication of Jewell's Apology, and distinguished himself equally for learning and candour as a polemical writer. But his principal work was his "Catechism," which first appeared in Latin in 1570, under the title of "Christianæ pietatis prima Institutio, ad usum scholarum Latine scripta." It had been previously revised and adopted by the convocation "as their own book and their professed doctrine," and was printed upon the joint request of the two archbishops. It was received therefore as a book of authority, and was immediately translated into English in 1571, and a translation into Greek by William Whitaker followed in 1575. He published also an abridgment of the Catechism, "Catechismus Parvus," in 1574, both in Latin and Greek, which was translated into English in 1587, and afterwards into Hebrew. In 1594 he was installed canon of Windsor and in 1595 he was elected principal of Brazennose. He survived till 1602, when he died at the great age of ninety-five, having retained the full use of his faculties to the last.—P. L.
NOWELL, Laurence, a divine, who lived during the troublesome reign of Mary, entered at Oxford in 1536. He was afterwards admitted to the degree of B.A. at Cambridge, and reincorporated at Oxford in 1542, where he proceeded M.A. in 1544. After many years of exile in Germany, he returned to England; was made dean of Lichfield in 1559, and died in 1576. Nowell was a diligent investigator of antiquarian records, and the compiler of a Saxon Vocabulary, which was presented by him to his pupil William Lambarde, who found it of great assistance in composing his learned and elaborate work on the ancient laws of England.—E. B., L.
NOY, William, a celebrated English lawyer and politician, was a native of Cornwall, and was born about the year 1577. He was educated at Exeter college, Oxford, and afterwards entered the Society of Lincoln's inn, where he devoted himself with such industry and zeal to his legal studies that he became one of the most profound lawyers of his day. Towards the close of the reign of James I. Noy was elected member for the borough of Helstone. He subsequently represented St. Ives in several successive parliaments, and was a zealous opponent of the policy of the court, and of the royal prerogative. "He was," says Puller, "for many years the stoutest champion of the subjects' liberty, until King Charles entertained him to be his attorney." He was appointed to this office in 1631, and with his characteristic perverse ingenuity immediately set himself to please his royal master by suggesting plans for evading the constitutional restrictions on the prerogative of the sovereign, and for augmenting his revenues. It was to his "moyling" in the old precedents and regal claims that the court owed the project to extend the demand for ship-money to the inland, as well as to the maritime districts of the country. He drew the warrant for this illegal assessment, but died, 6th August, 1634, before the disastrous consequences of his unconstitutional policy had become manifest. Noy was the author of a number of legal works, the most important of which are—"A Treatise on the principal grounds and maximes of the Lawes of England," 4to, 1641, which has passed through several editions; "The Compleat Lawyer, or a Treatise concerning tenures and estates in land of inheritance for life, and other hereditaments and chattels real and personal, together with Observations on the author's life," 8vo, 1674; "The Perfect Conveyancer, or several select and choice precedents," 4to, 1655; "A Treatise on the Rights of the Crown, declaring how the King of England may support and increase his annual revenues," 8vo, 1715; "Reports of Cases taken in the time of Queen Elizabeth, King James, and King Charles," folio, 1656-69, &c—J. T.
NUGENT, Lord. See Grenville, G. N.
NUGENT, Robert Craggs, Earl, was a younger son of Michael Nugent of Carlanstown, Westmeath, and commenced his career it is said as tutor in a family. His success in life was in some measure due to matrimony, for his three successive wives brought him station and wealth. In 1741 he entered parliament for St. Mawes, became comptroller of the prince of Wales' household, a lord of the treasury. Baron Nugent, Viscount Clare, and finally in 1776 Earl Nugent. At his death in 1788 he left a large fortune derived chiefly from his last wife, the daughter of Mr.
