It was no uncommon occurrence in these days for sailors to work and fight their way, from the lowest offices of the forecastle, to rank and distinction. Young Shovel began his career as cabin-boy to John Narborough, who had been cabin-boy to Sir Christopher Mings, who had also entered the service in the same position. Shovel's indefatigable industry, skill, and good behaviour soon got him promotion. In 1674 he accompanied Sir John Narborough as lieutenant in an expedition to Tripoli to obtain satisfaction for the outrages committed on the English in the Mediterranean, and was despatched by the admiral with a message to the dey, who sent him back without an answer. He contrived, however, while on shore to make such observations as enabled him to burn a number of the enemy's ships, and thus to compel the terrified dey to submit to the proposed conditions. As a reward for this exploit. Shovel was soon after made captain of the Sapphire. At the Revolution he embraced the cause of William, from whom he obtained the honour of knighthood, on account of his gallant behaviour at the battle of Bantry Bay. Next year he was made rear-admiral of the blue. Shortly after he was raised to the rank of rear-admiral of the red, and contributed greatly to gain the splendid victory of La Hogue. In 1694 he was made admiral of the red, served in the expedition to Camaret, and subsequently bombarded Dunkirk. In 1704 he was sent with a powerful reinforcement to join the fleet in the Mediterranean under Sir George Rooke, and led the van at the battle of Malaga. In 1705 he was united with the earl of Peterborough, in the command of the expedition sent to Spain, for the purpose of assisting to place the Archduke Charles on the Spanish throne, and took an active part in the capture of Barcelona. He served on the coast of Portugal in 1706, and in the following year took part in the unsuccessful attempt upon Toulon. On his voyage homewards with nine ships of the line, his vessel with three others was unfortunately wrecked off the Scilly isles, October 2, 1707, and all on board perished. It was said that Sir Cloudesley was thrown on shore alive, and was murdered by some wreckers for the sake of a valuable ring which he wore; but the report cannot be authenticated. His body was brought home and interred in Westminster abbey, where a monument has been erected to his memory. Sir Cloudesley married the widow of his first patron. Sir John Narborough, by whom he left two daughters. He is termed by Bishop Burnet "one of the greatest seamen of the age."—J. T.
SHREWSBURY. See Talbot.
SHUCKBURGH-EVELYN, Sir George Augustus William, Baronet, a gentleman of Warwickshire, eminent for his scientific attainments. He was born in 1750, educated at Balliol college, Oxford, and represented his native county in three successive parliaments. He succeeded his uncle, Sir Charles Shuckburgh, in 1773, and married for his second wife the daughter and heiress of James Evelyn of Felbridge, Surrey, in 1785, when he assumed the name of Evelyn in addition to his own. For three years he travelled on the continent making valuable observations. He contributed to the Philosophical Transactions "Observations made in Savoy in order to ascertain the heights of mountains by means of the barometer," 1777, vol. lxvii., p. 513; "Comparison of his and Colonel Roy's rules for measuring heights with the barometer," 1778, vol. lxviii., p. 684; "On the temperature of boiling waters," 1778, vol. lxix., p. 632; "An account of the Equatorial instrument," 1793 (this was the largest instrument of the kind that had till then been executed, and was made by Ramsden for Sir George's own observatory); "An account of some endeavours to ascertain a standard of weights and measures," 1798. He determined the relation between the English unit of measure, the yard, and the length of a pendulum, making a certain number of vibrations in a given time. To his skill and care is due the brass bar in the possession of the Royal Society, which, with its minute scale, forms one of the most accurate standards of length in the country. He died at Shuckburgh park, Warwickshire, August 11, 1804.—R. H.
SHUCKFORD, Samuel, a learned divine, was curate of Shelton in Norfolk, and afterwards prebendary of Canterbury and chaplain in ordinary. He also held the living of All Hallows, Lombard Street. He is now remembered as the author of a History of the World, intended to be an introduction to Prideaux's Connection. He died July 14, 1754.—D. W. R.
SHUKOVSKY, Vassili Andreivitch, an accomplished Russian poet, was born in 1783, educated at Toula and Moscow, and employed in the civil service of the crown. In 1812 he made a campaign as one of the Moscow volunteers, and gained a cross of St. Anne. The emperor, Alexander I., gave him a pension in 1816, and subsequently appointed him director of the studies of his nephew Alexander, the present emperor of Russia. His poetical works first attracted notice in 1802, while he was but a student at the university. An edition of his poems was published in 1816, and again in 1818. The most celebrated of his lyrics is "The Bard in the Camp of 1812." His songs and ballads continue to enjoy popular favour. His novel of "Marien's Forest" is a model of Russian prose. He has translated part of Schiller's Maid of Orleans, and Moore's Paradise and the Peri, into Russian.—R. H.
SHUTTLEWORTH, Philip Nicholas, D D., Lord Bishop of Chichester, was the son of the Rev. Humphrey Shuttleworth, vicar of Kirkham and prebendary of York, and was born in 1782. He was educated at Winchester and at New college, Oxford, where in 1813 he gained the Latin verse prize, the subject of which was Byzantium. He was for some years tutor to his college, and in 1822 was elected warden—an office which he held for eighteen years. In 1824 he was presented to the rectory of Foxley in Wiltshire by Lord Holland, in whose family he had been for some time tutor. In 1840 Dr. Shuttleworth was appointed bishop of Chichester, but died in February, 1842, in the sixtieth year of his age. Dr. Shuttleworth was author of a volume of sermons; of a paraphrastic translation of St. Paul's Epistles; a discourse on the consistency of the whole scheme of revelation with itself and with human reason; and a work against Puseyism, entitled "Scripture not Tradition."—J. T.
SIBBALD, James, a Scottish antiquarian and miscellaneous writer, was the son of a farmer, and was born in Roxburghshire in 1747. For a number of years he was also a farmer, but in 1779 came to Edinburgh, purchased the circulating library which had belonged to Allan Ramsay, and commenced business as a bookseller. In 1783 he commenced a monthly literary miscellany, entitled the Edinburgh Magazine, which he himself edited. His articles on Scottish antiquities gained the notice and approval of Lord Hailes, and other eminent literary men, who became occasional contributors to his miscellany. In 1791 he retired from business, having received a moderate annuity from his successors; and in the following year became editor of a short-lived newspaper, the Edinburgh Herald. In 1793 he went to London, where he composed a chronological record of the public ministry of Jesus Christ, which was published at Edinburgh in 1798. Previous to the appearance of this work, however, he again took up his residence in the Scottish capital, where he edited the Vocal Magazine, a selection of the most esteemed English, Scotch, and Irish airs, ancient and modern. The latter years of Mr. Sibbald's life were chiefly devoted to the preparation of his well known "Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, and Glossary of the Scottish Language"—a work of taste and erudition, which was published in 1802, in 4 vols. 12mo. He died in 1803, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. Mr. Sibbald was a man of eccentric character, but greatly beloved by his friends.—J. T.
SIBBALD, Sir Robert, a learned Scottish physician and antiquary, was born near Leslie in Fifeshire about the year 1643, and was educated at St. Andrews. After leaving that university he travelled in France and Italy, and took his degree at Leyden in 1661. On returning to Scotland he obtained the favour of Charles II., by whom he was knighted, and appointed royal physician and geographer. From Charles he also received a commission to write a history of Scotland. He was active in founding the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and was chosen their first president. Sir Robert Sibbald was held to be the most learned antiquary in Scotland. His historical and antiquarian writings are numerous. Amongst them are—"The Liberty and Independence of the Kingdom and Church of Scotland," 4to, Edinburgh, 1702; "De Gestis Gulielmi Vallæ, Herois Scoti, Collectanea Varia," 8vo, Edinburgh, 1705; "Historical Inquiries concerning the Roman Monuments and Antiquities in the North part of Britain, called Scotland," folio, Edinburgh, 1707; "Miscellaneæ quædam eruditæ Antiquitatis quæ ad Borealem Britanniæ majoris partem pertinent," folio, Edinburgh, 1710; "The History of the Sheriffdoms of Fife and Kinross," folio, Edinburgh, 1710; "The History of the Sheriffdoms of Linlithgow and Stirling," folio, Edinburgh, 1710; "Account of the Writers, ancient and modern, which treat of the Description of Scotland," folio, Edinburgh, 1710; "Description of the Islands of Orkney and Zetland," folio, Edinburgh, 1711;
