mation, was born in London in 1643. He is said to have been descended from Gherardt van Strype, "a member of the Dutch church in London in 1567." He was educated at St. Paul's school and Jesus college, Cambridge, and taking holy orders, was for many years minister of Low Leyton in Essex. He received late in life, from Archbishop Tenison, the sinecure of Terring in Sussex. His latest years were spent in the house of his granddaughter's husband at Hackney, of which place he had been lecturer up to his resignation in 1724. He died in 1737, at the age of ninety-four. He is said to have begun his vast collections soon after his arrival at Low Leyton, where he found access to the papers of Sir Michael Hickes, secretary to Queen Elizabeth's Lord Burleigh. His researches and pursuit of MS. materials spread over very many years, and he was assisted in them by such correspondents as Archbishop Wake and Bishops Nicholson and Burnet. The published result was the series of well-known works, beginning with the "Memorials of Cranmer" in 1694, and closing with the most valuable of them all, the "Ecclesiastical Memorials" in 1721, and the "Annals of the Reformation," the fourth and last volume of which appeared in 1731. Chaotic and undigested, they form, as all students know, a useful quarry of material for the politico-ecclesiastical history of England in the sixteenth century mainly. All of them have been republished during the present century at Oxford (1822-28), with the addition of a useful general index. In 1858 the Rev. S. R. Maitland printed Notes on Strype, pointing out inaccuracies in the received text, and urging the desirability of a new and careful edition of his works. Besides his historical and biographical writings, Strype produced in 1720 an edition, for which he had been many years collecting materials, of Stow's Survey of London. It became in Strype's hands almost a new work, very much enlarged, its information being brought down to his own day.—F. E.
STUART, Sir Charles, a distinguished general, born in 1753. He was the fourth son of the earl of Bute, prime minister during the first three years of George III.'s reign. After travelling on the continent with his father, he entered the army in 1768, and was appointed aid-de-camp to Lord Harcourt, lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He accompanied the 43rd regiment as major to America in 1775, and obtained the command of a battalion of grenadiers. At the siege of Gibraltar, subsequently, he was present as a volunteer. In 1793 he obtained the rank of major-general, and in the following year had the command of the forces serving in Corsica. There he reduced Calvi, the last stronghold of France, after a fierce resistance. Portugal being threatened by the French directory in 1797, Stuart was sent with eight thousand to assist in its defence. During his stay he made careful observations of the country, observations which were afterwards of great service to the duke of Wellington. Stuart took Minorca in 1798 with a small force, and for his services was made a knight of the bath. In 1800 he was appointed to the command of the forces in the Mediterranean, but gave up the appointment when ordered to cede Malta to the Russians. He died on the 25th of March, 1801.—W. J. P.
STUART, Gilbert, sometimes called American Stuart, was a good portrait painter. He was born of Scotch parents at Narraganset, Rhode Island, 1755. He was educated and graduated at the university of Glasgow; studied painting under the president West; and in 1794 returned to America, and established himself in Philadelphia until 1807, when he retired to Boston, where he died in July, 1828. Stuart was highly patronized, both in England and in America; he excelled in male heads. Among his sitters were three kings, and six presidents of the United States of America.—R. N. W.
STUART, James, a celebrated architect, known as Athenian Stuart, was born in London in 1713. The death of his father, a seaman in indigent circumstances, threw upon young Stuart the duty of maintaining his family. This he did by painting ladies' fans for Goupy of the Strand. His success in this art led him to desire superior instruction, and in order to obtain it he in 1742 went to Rome: how he obtained the necessary means is not stated. At Rome he supported himself by making drawings of the antiquities of that city, which met with a ready sale and procured him the friendly notice of several influential patrons. At the same time he was diligently occupied at the college of the Propaganda in studying the classical languages and archæology, and in 1750 he published, at the pope's expense, a Latin essay, "De Obelisco Cæsaris." His pursuits made him acquainted with the dearth of trustworthy representations and descriptions of the architectural remains of ancient Greece. Encouraged by the promises of the dilettanti whom he consulted on the subject, he ventured in 1748 to publish proposals for visiting Greece in order to supply the want. With him was associated an artist friend named Revett. The necessary funds were soon furnished, and in 1750 the friends set out. They returned to England in 1755. Under Revett, Nicolas, will be found an account of their proceedings, and sufficiently full particulars respecting their great work the "Antiquities of Athens," the first volume of which appeared in 1762. On the title-page Stuart calls himself painter; but the great success of the work, and the interest that its publication had excited in reference to Greek architecture, suggested to him the feasibility of adopting architecture as a profession. He found abundant support. His patron, Lord Anson, procured him the appointment of surveyor to Greenwich hospital, and other friends proffered him commissions. But his office placed him in easy circumstances. His society was much courted, and he was not disposed to overtask himself. His chief works are—the chapel of Greenwich hospital, an elegant and highly ornamented building, but not very ecclesiastical, and certainly not very Greek, in character; Lord Anson's mansion in St. James' Square, and various erections at that nobleman's seat Shuckburgh, Staffordshire; Belvidere, near Erith, the seat of Lord Eardley; and Mrs. Montague's house, Portman Square. He died February, 1788.—J. T—e.
STUART, John, Earl of Bute. See Bute.
STUART, Moses, an eminent biblical scholar and commentator, was born at Wilton, Connecticut, 20th March, 1780. At the age of nineteen he entered Yale college during the presidency of Dr. Dwight, and took his degree in 1799 with highest honours. At first he turned his attention to law for a season, but at length became tutor at Yale from 1802 to 1804. In 1806 he was ordained pastor of the Centre church, Newhaven. His pastoral career was very successful, but it was brief, for in 1810 he was chosen professor of sacred literature in the newly-erected theological seminary of Andover. At the time of his election he knew nothing of Hebrew, and his colleague. Dr. Woods, taught him the Hebrew alphabet. But he soon mastered the tongue, and his first Hebrew grammar without points was published in 1821, and his next grammar, based on Gesenius, appeared in 1831. It soon became a text-book, and along with the succeeding volume of the Chrestomathy was reprinted at Oxford. He also composed a Greek grammar for the New Testament, a second and improved edition of which was published in 1841. It does not rank so high as the Hebrew grammar. Stuart contributed a great variety of articles to the Biblical Repository and Bibliotheca Sacra, and these miscellaneous articles are better specimens of his ability and learning than his more formal commentaries. He published in his later years commentaries on Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, and Daniel—the last well worth reading for its introductory sketches of various systems of exposition. Similar to his book on Daniel is his commentary on the Apocalypse—full of interesting hermeneutical discussions, and more to be prized for these than for its exegesis proper. His best commentaries are those on the Epistle to the Hebrews, and on that to the Romans—neither of them satisfactory on some points, for his exposition of some of the earlier chapters of Romans, is warped by certain philosophico-theological views which he entertained. The efforts of Moses Stuart in the cause of biblical literature were great and multifarious. Some have accused him of a little vanity, but he was the first to give an impulse to biblical studies in his own country—setting in himself a successful example of its prosecution, and introducing to the public the best German critics, philologists, and expositors. After a long period of academic service, Stuart resigned in 1848, and died in 1852. In character Moses Stuart was simple and consistent. He was a good man, as well as an eminent scholar. His science was dear to him, and he prized every contribution to it, from whatever quarter it might come. It may be added that his daughter, Mrs. Austin Phelps, has written some happy sketches, as "Sunny Side," and "the Angel over the right shoulder."—J. E.
STUBBE, Henry, a learned English writer, and very celebrated in his day. He was born at Partney in Lincolnshire, Feburary 28, 1631, and educated first at Westminster school, and afterwards at Christ Church college, Oxford. He took a B.A. degree, and then went into Scotland, where he served in
