head, in 1648. Although a high dignitary of the church and a popular preacher, he is chiefly known as the author of a number of dramas, some of them little in keeping with his character. We have five volumes of his dramas (1616-36), among which may be noticed "The Deceiver of Seville;" "Don Gil in the Green Pantaloons;" "The Bashful Man at Court;" "Love for Reasons of State," &c. Some are founded on historical events, such as a trilogy on the achievements of the Pizarros; others are more or less fictitious. Another work equally well received in its day is the "Cigarrales de Toledo" (Country houses of Toledo), a collection of tales connected by a dramatic framework—the first of a long series of similar works—F. M. W.
TELLIER, Michel le, Chancellor of France, was born in 1603. He was appointed, first, councillor of the grand council, then procurator of the king at Châtelet in 1631, and subsequently master of requests. The zeal with which he seconded the severities of the Chancellor Seguier against the insurgents in Normandy in 1640, obtained for him the office of intendant of Piedmont. He was introduced by Mazarin to Louis XIV., who appointed him secretary for the war department, and afterwards nominated him councillor of state and commander of the order of the Holy Spirit. Le Tellier shared in the good and bad fortune of his patron the cardinal, during the troubles of the Fronde, and took a prominent part in negotiating the treaty of Ruel. Anne of Austria kept him beside her when Mazarin was compelled for the second time to retire from office and quit France, and he contributed powerfully to the pacification of the kingdom. Having obtained full powers from the queen, he prevented Peronne in 1654 from falling into the hands of the enemy. He took an active part in the negotiations respecting the marriage of the young king (Louis XIV.), and after the death of Mazarin he not only retained his office of secretary, but became a member of council under the title of minister of state. In 1666 he was allowed to associate his son, the celebrated Louvois, with himself in his office of secretary for war. After the death of d'Aligre in 1677, Le Tellier was nominated by Louis XIV. chancellor and keeper of the seals, and employed all the functions of these high offices against the protestants, with a fanatical zeal which was productive of great and lasting injury to the country. He strenuously advocated the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and one of the last official acts of his life was to affix his signature to that fatal deed (2nd October, 1685), exclaiming at the same time, "Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine," &c. He died only a month later at the age of eighty-three. Bossuet and Fléchier pronounced his funeral oration. Le Tellier was remarkable for his handsome person and fine address, as well as for his intellectual powers. He was a great master of the art of seeming wise, and contrived to impress others with an exaggerated opinion of his abilities. He was always master of his passions, and was cautious in forming his plans, but inflexible in following them out. A firm friend but a dangerous enemy, he patiently waited an opportunity of revenging himself on those who had offended him, and delighted to strike a blow in secret. He was a skilful courtier, and carefully trained his son to flatter the king in the most fulsome manner. It was for this reason, according to the Abbe Choisy, that Louis liked to transact affairs with Le Tellier and his son, rather than with the other secretaries of state.—J. T.
TELLIER, Michael le, the last confessor of Louis XIV., and a conspicuous enemy of the Port-Royalists, was born at Vire in Normandy in 1643, and in his eighteenth year entered the order of the Jesuits, in which he was well fitted by his character to play a prominent part, being of a fanatical, ambitious, and inflexible temper, and a master of all the arts of diplomacy. He soon entered the lists as a polemical writer against the Jansenists, and was speedily developed into one of their most violent antagonists. In a series of publications, extending from 1672 to 1705, he attacked the writings of De Sacy, Quesnel, and other Jansenists, and was rewarded for his zeal by being made a provincial of his order, and in 1709 confessor to the king. His influence over Louis XIV. was almost unbounded, and he employed it so effectually that Port-Royal was soon afterwards entirely abolished, and the famous bull Unigenitus obtained by the king from Pope Clement XI., in which the Jansenist translation of the New Testament, and Quesnel's reflections upon it, were both condemned. All the troubles which this bull produced in France may be justly laid to the charge of the king's confessor. On the death of Louis in 1715, Le Tellier was banished from court, and was removed by the archbishop of Paris, the cardinal of Noailles, first to Amiens, and afterwards to La Flèche, where in 1719 he died.—P. L.
TELLIER. See Louvois.
TEMPESTA, Antonio, a celebrated battle painter, was born at Florence in 1555, and died at Rome in 1630. He was also an excellent landscape and animal painter; and among his numerous etchings, his hunts and field sports, and studies of horses, are still highly appreciated.—R. N. W.
TEMPESTA. See Molyn.
TEMPLE, Sir William, a distinguished statesman, diplomatist, and miscellaneous writer, was born in London in 1628. He sprang from an ancient and honourable family, which is said to have taken its name from the manor of Temple in Leicestershire. His grandfather. Sir William Temple, was secretary to Sir Philip Sydney, who died in his arms, and was subsequently provost of Trinity college, Dublin, and a master in chancery. Sir John Temple, his son, was master of the rolls in Ireland, and distinguished himself by his zeal in the popular cause at the commencement of the great civil war. He was afterwards elected a member of the Long parliament, where he attached himself to the presbyterian party, and was one of those moderate members who were expelled by Colonel Pride. He wrote a History of the Irish Rebellion in 1641, which was republished in 1814. Sir John was married to a sister of the celebrated divine, Dr. Henry Hammond, and their eldest son was the future statesman. He received his early education under his maternal uncle, was subsequently sent to school at Bishop-Stortford, and at seventeen entered Emanuel college, Cambridge, where the celebrated Cudworth was his tutor. He does not appear to have attained great proficiency in the studies of the place, and at the end of two years he left Cambridge without a degree, and set out upon his travels. On his way to France he passed through the Isle of Wight, where he met with Dorothy, second daughter of Sir Peter Osborne, who then held Guernsey for the king. An attachment, as strong as it was violent, sprang up between young Temple and the lady which, after a most romantic courtship beset with difficulties, was consummated by their marriage in 1654. Temple passed six years in France, Holland, Flanders, and Germany, where he acquired a knowledge of continental languages, as well as various other accomplishments which were of great service to him in his subsequent diplomatic career. He made his first appearance in public life in the Irish convention of 1660, and after the Restoration was elected member for Carlow in the Irish parliament, where he showed great moderation and remarkable aptitude for business In 1663 he repaired to London, where he spent two years, obtained an introduction to Clarendon, and to Arlington, secretary of state, and was sent by the latter, in 1665, on a mission to the bishop of Munster. Although the scheme ended in nothing, Temple gave so much satisfaction to his employers that he was created a baronet, and appointed resident at the viceregal court of Brussels. Shortly after the conclusion of the peace with the Dutch at Breda, Sir William made a tour in Holland incognito, and paid a private visit to the celebrated grand pensionary De Witt, which laid the foundation of that close intimacy that afterwards existed between them, and ultimately led to the formation of the famous triple alliance between England, Holland, and Sweden. Sir William had the principal share in the formation of that important league, which interposed a formidable barrier to the ambitious designs of Louis XIV., and raised the fame of the negotiator both at home and abroad to such a height as to excite the jealousy of Arlington, who withheld from him all official acknowledgment or reward. Temple was next sent to Aix-la-Chapelle to assist in concluding a treaty between France and Spain; and after the close of this negotiation he was appointed ambassador at the Hague (August, 1668), where he was received with the utmost cordiality, and enjoyed the confidence both of De Witt, and of the prince of Orange. But Charles and his ministers had not abandoned, though they had been compelled to lay aside for a time, their base and perfidious continental policy; and in 1670 Temple was suddenly recalled to London, where he was treated with the utmost coldness by the infamous "cabal," and carefully excluded from all knowledge of their secret and treasonable designs against the States. Their plot was at length ripe, and the disgraceful treaty with France having been ratified. Temple was dismissed from his post in June, 1671, and war was declared against Holland. Sir William quietly withdrew to his seat at Sheen, near Richmond, where he amused himself with gardening, and wrote his "Observations
