his emotion obliged to pause and burst into tears, and a sob of sorrow arose from the immense congregation. The sermon contains a long, elaborate, discriminative, and eulogistic biography, or rather description of his public life. His works were collected after his death by his chaplain, Dr. Parker. The contents of the first volume had been published during his life. They have also been reprinted in octavo, with a life by Birch. Tillotson's generosity prevented him from laying past any provision for his widow, but the king gave her a pension first of £400, and then of £600 a year, and sent it to her every quarter from his own hand. Tillotson bequeathed her a mass of MS. sermons; and such was his fame, that they were sold for two thousand five hundred guineas—the largest sum that had ever, up till that time, been paid for any copyright.
The works of Tillotson, so popular in his own day, have fallen into comparative neglect in ours. The style, which has been often so admired, is fluent without being vigorous; easy, without being forcible or masculine; and the thoughts do not often rise above decent mediocrity. Neither profundity nor brilliancy characterizes his sermons, nor are they marred by pedantry or conceits. He is always graceful and solemn, though more of a moralist than a theologian, and ever fond of recurring to the principles of natural religion. Arminian tenets are languidly expounded by him; indeed, extreme statements are avoided in his latitudinarian and moderate creed. His enemies accused him, but very falsely, of Socinianism, and he was assailed also as a universalist. His gentle character sustained him in many trying scenes; and his caution, candour, and good sense made him of great use to the church in that crisis of her history, as well as commended him to the English people. His popularity as a preacher was unrivalled. His church was crowded for thirty years with the fashion and intellect of London. His catholicity was the result of a natural temperament, whose susceptibility was deepened by christian charity.—J. E.
TILLY or TILLI, John Tserclas, Count of, was descended from an ancient and noble family, and born at the castle of Tilly in South Brabant in 1559. At an early age he entered the order of the jesuits, and it was there most probably that he imbibed the spirit of intense fanaticism, which, equally with military skill and prowess, distinguished his subsequent career. But he soon abandoned ecclesiastical training for the art of war, and entering the army of Philip II., king of Spain, he served in the Netherlands under Alva and other leaders against the protestant inhabitants of that portion of the Spanish territories. He afterwards acquired much distinction in the service of the German Emperor Rudolph II., during the Hungarian and Turkish wars. Yet the incident of chief importance about this period of Tilly's life, was his being appointed generalissimo of their forces by the league of the Roman catholic states in Germany—an office which he held till his decease. The first real laurels gained in the famous Thirty Years' war fell to the lot of Tilly. On November 8, 1620, was fought the battle of Weisse Berg, near Prague, between the troops under his command and the Bohemian army, when the latter sustained an overwhelming defeat. The subsequent course of Tilly was one of unvarying and brilliant triumph. After a series of signal successes, he totally routed Count Mansfeld at Stadt-Loo, near Münster, in August, 1623, and was raised to the rank of count of the empire for the victory thus achieved; while, in succeeding campaigns, the army of Christian IV. of Denmark was also thoroughly beaten by the military genius of Tilly, and his yet more illustrious compeer, Wallenstein. When the latter, in 1630, was deprived of his command, Tilly became field-marshal and general-in-chief of the imperial army. He had now, however, to contend with an abler antagonist than any he had before encountered, for Gustavus Adolphus was commencing his immortal campaigns in Germany. Still the first effort of Tilly proved successful. On the 10th of May, 1631, Magdeburg was captured, an event disgraced by deeds of atrocious cruelty, which appear to have been, if not ordered, at least coolly permitted by the conqueror. A few months later, in September, 1631, the great battle of Leipsic took place between the imperialists and the Swedes, which resulted in the defeat of Tilly, after an obstinate and sanguinary engagement. With a heart devoured by rage and despair, and literally cutting his way through the main body of the Swedish army, Tilly was forced to leave the fatal field. His former good fortune now seemed to have deserted him, and at the passage of the Lech, April 5, 1632, his career was finally closed. Having received there a severe wound he was removed to Ingolstadt, where he expired the day after the battle in the seventy-third year of his age. Tilly's military talents were unquestionably of a high order; and notwithstanding his severity and bigotry, the moral strictness and self-denial that characterized his private life entitle him to a certain meed of approbation.—J. J.
TIMÆUS, the philosopher, was a native of Locri in southern Italy. He adopted the tenets of the Pythagorean system, and is said to have numbered Plato among his hearers. A treatise in Doric Greek, entitled "De Animâ Mundi et de Naturâ," is still extant under the name of Timæus. Its authenticity, however, is extremely doubtful, and it is generally believed to be merely an abridgment of Plato's Timæus.—G.
TIMÆUS, the historian, was born about 350 b.c., at Tauromenium in Sicily. Banished from the island by the tyrant Agathocles, he took refuge at Athens about 310 b.c., where he spent the rest of his life, and died at an advanced age. His principal work was a history of Sicily from the earliest times down to 264 b.c. This was evidently a very elaborate production, but the ancient authorities differ widely as to its value. It is vehemently censured by Polybius, and warmly praised by Cicero. The book being lost, its merits cannot now be determined.—G.
TIMÆUS, the sophist, was the author of a lexicon to Plato of considerable value, which is still extant. The period at which he flourished is not altogether certain, but he is supposed to have been contemporary with Plotinus and Porphyry. The best edition of the lexicon is that by Ruhnken, 1789, Leyden.—G.
TIMANTHES, a celebrated Greek painter, of Cythnos or of Sicyon, who lived about four hundred years b.c. He was distinguished for originality of invention and for expression; and one of the charms of his invention was, that he left much to be supplied by the spectator's own fancy. For instance, Pliny mentions, by him, a sleeping Cyclops on a small panel; but to give a due impression of his immense size, he had added a group of little Satyrs measuring the giant's thumb with a thyrsus. He is most known for his picture of the "Sacrifice of Iphigenia," in which he very properly concealed the face of Agamemnon, her father, in his mantle; a contrivance approved of by ancient critics, but with less judgment found fault with by some moderns. He painted also a "Hero," the "Stoning to Death of Palamedes," and the "Duel between Ajax and Ulysses for the arms of Achilles"—all works of the greatest renown.—R. N. W.
* TIMBS, John, F.A.S., known chiefly as an industrious and ingenious compiler, was born in London in 1801, and was apprenticed to a printer and druggist in Dorking. There he made the acquaintance of Sir Richard Phillips, for whose Monthly Magazine he wrote the first of his works, "A Picturesque Promenade round Dorking," published separately in 1823. Before and after its publication he was employed as Sir Richard's amanuensis. From 1827 to 1838 he edited the Mirror, and in 1839 he commenced, on the basis of a similar work previously published by him annually, "The Year-book of Facts," chiefly a record of discoveries and novelties in science, &c. Amongst the principal of his later works are his "Curiosities of London," 1855; "Things not generally known," 1856; "School-days of eminent men," 1858; "Anecdote-biography," two series, 1860; "Stories of Inventors and Discoverers," 1860; "and "Lives of Wits and Humorists," 1802. From 1842 to 1858 he was one of the editors of the Illustrated London News, and now edits with Mr. Robert Chambers The Book of Days.—F. E.
TIMOLEON, a celebrated popular leader and statesman of Corinth, was the son of Timodemus, and belonged to one of the noblest families of that city. In early life his hands were stained with the blood of his elder brother, Timophanes, who had attempted to overturn the government, and to make himself the tyrant of his native city. At this juncture an embassy arrived at Corinth from the Greek cities in Sicily, soliciting assistance against their tyrant, and an invasion of the Carthaginians. It was agreed to comply with this request, and Timoleon was appointed to the command of the expedition, consisting of ten triremes and seven hundred mercenaries, it is said, with the condition that if he did not succeed in the enterprise, he should be punished as a fratricide. He reached Sicily in 344 b.c., and in the course of a few months compelled Dionysius to surrender the citadel of Syracuse, which he destroyed (as it had been for many years the stronghold of the tyrants who had oppressed the people), and restored the democratical form of government. He was engaged in expelling the tyrants from the other Greek cities of Sicily when the Carthaginian leaders, Hasdrubal and Hamilcar, landed
