palmately divided into spinnulose segments. Bracts 5-6, 1in., linear, with a few spines on the margins, sometimes short exterior spines alternating with them ; bracteoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the flovers ; a few (in the outermost row but one) sometimes spinous, subtrifid. Calyx tube densely scaly ; teeth lanceolate-subulate, spinescent. Fruit ⅛in.
Use: — The root is considered nervine tonic, and aphrodisiac. In Kandahar, the seeds are said to be officinal.
The alkaline salt of the ashes recommended in hæmorrhoids (Honnigberger),
568. Bupleurum falcatum, Linn, h.f.b i., ii. 676.
Vern : — Kâli Zewar ; Sipil (Pb.)
Habitat : — Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan and Khasia Mountains.
Glabrous herbs.. Stem l-4ft. erect, corymbose upwards. Radical leaves, linear broader upwards, middle cauline linear, acute, narrowed at the base, more or less amplexicaul. Bracts usually in the Indian forms, sometimes a few scarcely ¼in.; bracteoles 4-5, distinctly shorter than the fruiting umbellule, narrowly lanceolate ; rays 5-8, l½in. ; pedicels 5-15, usually distinct. Disk yellow or brownish, not prominent. Carpels narrowly oblong, ridges not prominent ; furrows 3-vittate.
Use : — They are reputed to have stimulant properties (Watt).
569. Apium graveolems, Linn ; h.f.b.l, ii. 679.
Vern. :- Ajmûd, bori-ajmûd karafs(H.); Chanû, rândhuni (B.); Bori-ajamoda, or ajmud (Bomb.) ; Ajwankapute, budiaji waie (Cutch); Bhût-jhata (Pb.).
English name : — Celery.
Habitat: — Base of the north-west Himalaya, and outlying hills in the Punjab.
Annual herbs, glabrous. Biennial, says C. B. Clarke. This is the wild celery. (The garden celery of the European dinner-table is a special cultivation). Stem l-8ft., erect, branched. Radial leaves pinnate, with large deeply-lobed segments, cauline
