aliphatic acids, can be detected. In the neutral part of the oil, which only amounts to a few per cent, ethyl alcohol can be detected after saponification ; methyl alcohol and alcohols of a fusel-like odor are also probably present. The percentage of acids is over 90, a rare occurrence with essential oils. [J. Ch. I for Jan. 31, 1910, p. 110].
614. M. tinctoria, Roxb. h.f.b.i., iii. 156 ; Roxb. 182, 183.
Sans. : — Achchuka.
Vern. : — A'l (H.) ; Ach, dâruharidrâ (B.) ; Achu (Uriya) ; Chaili, bankatari (Santal) ; Larnong, asûkhat (Assam) ; Ach, aich (C. P.) ; Manjishta (Bomb.) ; Maddi chettu, mulaga chettu (Tel.)
Habitat : — Throughout India.
A moderate-sized or small deciduous tree, usually pubescent or tomentose. Bark corky, bottle brown or grey, with numerous, deep, longitudinal cracks. Wood red, often yellow, with red streaks, moderately hard, close-grained. Leaves not shining, elliptic-obovate or lanceolate, blade 4-8, narrowed into petiole ½-1in. long. Peduncles solitary, axillary leaf opposed, frequently in short trichotomous panicles at the ends of branch-lets. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla usually tomentose outside, tube, ½-⅓in. long, anthers exserted or included, syncarpium ¾in. diam. [Syncarpium or syncarp is a multiple or fleshy aggregate fruit, such as the mulberry or magnolin.]
Use : — The root is used internally as an astringent. (Irvine).
615. M. umbellata, Linn, h.f.b.i., iii. 157.
Syn. : — M. Scandens, Roxb. 184.
Vern. : — Noona-marum (Tam.) ; Moolooghoodoo (Tel.) ; A'l (Bomb.); Maddi-chekhi (Kan.)
Habitat : — Hills of Eastern Bengal and the Malay Peninsula, from the Khasia Mountains to Penang and Singapore ; Western Peninsula, South Concan, Neilgherry and Travancore Mountains.
A large diffuse shrub, climbing by long tomentose, slender branches. Leaves rarely 5in., usually membranuous, from broadly ovate to elliptic or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or caudate, acuminate, glabrous, pubescent or tomentose beneath ; nerves very distinct. Stipules acute, connate. Petiole slender,
