5- angled, muricate, top cupular, very variable as to rugosity, Pappus hairs very slender, white, equalling the Corolla, outer absent.
Use : —The seeds are collected in the Punjab for the drug- sellers (Stewart). Carminative, used in masâlâs for horses (Calthrop, in Watt's Dictionary).
682. S. hypoleuca, Spreng. h.f.b.i., iii. 374.
Habitat : — All over temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim.
Herbs, with stem, simple or branched above, leafy, lather slender, 2-5ft., glabrous or puberulous. Leaves lyrate or lyrate-pinnatifid, sinuate toothed, glabrous above, cottony or white beneath ; membranous, terminal lobe large sometimes 5in. diam, deltoid acute, lateral generally one pair triangular, acute ; 3-8in., variable in breadth, petioled or sessile ; petiole auricled at the base or not. Heads 1½-2in. diam., globose, nodding or inclined, very many-fid, base often intruded, long peduncled. Involucre very broad and open, bracts lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, often recurved. Corolla ⅓in., limb as long as the tube. Anther-tails long, subulate, quite entire, or split near the tip. Achenes short, 4-angled, tubercled, 1/6in. long, almost cubical, with obtuse angles, black ; tip contracted, with a terminal toothed cup. Pappus single, ⅓in., brown.
Use : — It appears probable that part of the costus used medicinally in India is derived from this species (Watt).
683. S. Lappa, Clarke, h.f.b.i., iii. 376.
Syn. : — Aplotaxis Lappa, Dcne ; Aucklandia Costus, Falconer.
Sans. : — Kushtha ; Kashmirja.
Vern.:— Kut; Kust (H.) ; Pachak, Kur(B.); Post-khai (Kashmir); Kusta (Bhote) ; Kut, kot (Pb.) ; Duplate (Bomb.); Upaleta; Kut (Guz.) ; Kostum, putchuck, goshtam (Tam.); Changala, Kustam (Tel.) ; Sepuddy (Malay.)
Habitat : — Kashmir.
Tall, very stout, herbs. Stem 6-7ft., very robust, as thick as the little finger, below- Leaves membranous, scaberulous above.
