only just perceptible granules,[1] which rapidly grow larger either from coalescence or from attracting more protoplasm from the surrounding fluid. On one occasion I chose a singularly pale leaf, and gave it, whilst under the microscope, a single drop of a stronger solution of one part to 437 of water; in this case the contents of the cells did not become cloudy, but after 10 m. minute irregular granules of protoplasm could be detected, which soon increased into irregular masses and globules of a greenish or very pale purple tint; but these never formed perfect spheres, though incessantly changing their shapes and positions.
With moderately red leaves the first effect of a solution of the carbonate generally is the formation of two or three, or of several, extremely minute purple spheres which rapidly increase in size. To give an idea of the rate at which such spheres increase in size, I may mention that a rather pale purple leaf placed under a slip of grass was given a drop of a solution of one part to 292 of water, and in 13 m. a few minute spheres of protoplasm were formed; one of these, after 2 hrs. 30 m., was about two-thirds of the diameter of the cell. After 4 hrs. 25 m. it nearly equalled the cell in diameter; and a second sphere about half as large as the first, together with a few other minute ones, were formed. After 6 hrs. the fluid in which these spheres floated was almost colourless. After 8 hrs. 35 m. (always reckoning from the time when the solution was first added) four new minute spheres had appeared. Next morning, after 22 hrs., there were, besides the two large spheres, seven smaller ones, floating in absolutely colourless fluid, in which some flocculent greenish matter was suspended.
At the commencement of the process of aggregation, more especially in dark red leaves, the contents of the cells often present a different appearance, as if the layer of protoplasm (primordial utricle) which lines the cells had separated itself and shrunk from the walls; an irregularly shaped purple bag being thus formed. Other fluids, besides a solution of the carbonate, for instance an in- fusion of raw meat, produce this same effect. But the appearance of the primordial utricle shrinking from the walls is certainly false;[2] for before giving the solution, I saw on several occasions that the walls were lined with colourless flowing protoplasm, and, after the bag-like masses were formed, the protoplasm was still flowing along the walls in a conspicuous manner, even more so than
- ↑ [De Vries (loc cit. p. 59) believes that the form of aggregation produced by carbonate of ammonia is radically different from ordinary aggregation, e. g. that produced by meat. He believes it to be due to a precipitation of albuminous matter; the granules thus formed tend to become packed into balls, and thus dense masses are produced which it is not always easy to distinguish from the aggregated masses which De Vries believed to be formed from the vacuole. Glaner, in the 'Jahres-Bericht der Schl. Gesell. für vaterländ. Culture,' 1887, p. 167, also distinguishes ammonia - aggregation from the ordinary from of the phenomenon.―F. D.]
- ↑ With other plants I have often seen what appears to be a true shrinking of the primordial utricle from the walls of the cells, caused by a solution of carbonate of ammonia, as like-wise follows from mechanical injuries.
